Electrodialysis Extraction of Pufferfish Skin (Takifugu flavidus): A Promising Source of Collagen
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Quality Measurements
2.2. Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) Analyses of T. flavidus Collagen
2.3. Amino Acid Composition of T. flavidus Collagen
2.4. Spectrophotometric Characterization
2.5. Thermal Properties
2.6. Relative Solubility
2.7. Cell Proliferation
2.8. Extraction of T. flavidus Collagen
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials and Chemicals
3.2. Isolation and Purification of T. flavidus Collagen
3.3. Quality Measurements
3.3.1. Heavy Metal
3.3.2. Tetrodotoxin
3.4. SDS-PAGE
3.5. Amino Acid Composition
3.6. Spectrophotometric Characterization
3.7. Relative Solubility
3.8. DSC
3.9. Viscosity
3.10. Cell Proliferation
3.11. Statistical Analyses
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Heavy Metal | Pufferfish Skin | Collagen Sample | Chinese National Standards a | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Food Additive Gelatin (GB 6783) | Maximum Concentrations of Contaminants in Foods (GB 2762) | |||
Pb | 0.562 ± 0.052 | 0.421 ± 0.015 | ≤1.5 | ≤0.5 |
Cd | 0.042 ± 0.004 | 0.023 ± 0.002 | - | ≤0.1 |
As | 0.075 ± 0.002 | 0.052 ± 0.001 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.1 |
Cr | 1.152 ± 0.067 | 0.863 ± 0.072 | ≤2.0 | ≤2.0 |
Amino acids | T. flavidus |
---|---|
Glycine | 268 ± 0.08 |
Proline | 164 ± 0.05 |
Hydroxyproline | 82.1 ± 0.04 |
Arginine | 32.7 ± 0.12 |
Hydroxylysine | 9.2 ± 0.09 |
Lysine | 37.7 ± 0.08 |
Alanine | 119 ± 0.11 |
Threonine | 39.8 ± 0.03 |
Valine | 31.0 ± 0.09 |
Serine | 14.7 ± 0.13 |
Isoleucine | 13.9 ± 0.07 |
Leucine | 33.8 ± 0.05 |
Methionine | 18.5 ± 0.07 |
Histidine | 13.7 ± 0.06 |
Phenylalanine | 18.1 ± 0.03 |
Glutamine acid | 37.1 ± 0.06 |
Aspartic acid | 60.4 ± 0.05 |
Cysteine | 0.57 ± 0.09 |
Tyrosine | 5.43 ± 0.05 |
Traditional Dialysis | Electrodialysis | |
---|---|---|
Essential Instruments | Dialysis bag, beakers and stirring hot plates | DSA-П electrodialysis apparatus |
Instrument time (h/dialysis) | >96 | 2.0 |
Dialysis bag (m) | 600 | none |
Acetic acid (mole) | 18,000 | 45.0 |
Waste water (L) | 360,000 | 600 |
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Chen, J.; Li, M.; Yi, R.; Bai, K.; Wang, G.; Tan, R.; Sun, S.; Xu, N. Electrodialysis Extraction of Pufferfish Skin (Takifugu flavidus): A Promising Source of Collagen. Mar. Drugs 2019, 17, 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/md17010025
Chen J, Li M, Yi R, Bai K, Wang G, Tan R, Sun S, Xu N. Electrodialysis Extraction of Pufferfish Skin (Takifugu flavidus): A Promising Source of Collagen. Marine Drugs. 2019; 17(1):25. https://doi.org/10.3390/md17010025
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Junde, Min Li, Ruizao Yi, Kaikai Bai, Guangyu Wang, Ran Tan, Shanshan Sun, and Nuohua Xu. 2019. "Electrodialysis Extraction of Pufferfish Skin (Takifugu flavidus): A Promising Source of Collagen" Marine Drugs 17, no. 1: 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/md17010025