Properties and Applications of Extremozymes from Deep-Sea Extremophilic Microorganisms: A Mini Review
Abstract
:1. Deep-Sea Extremophilic Microorganisms: A Novel Source of Extremozymes
2. Strategies for Discovering Extremozymes in Deep-Sea Environments
3. Properties and Applications of Extremozymes Isolated from Deep-Sea Extremophilic Microorganisms
3.1. Deep-Sea Thermophilic Enzymes
3.2. Deep-Sea Psychrophilic Enzymes
3.3. Deep-Sea Halophilic Enzymes
3.4. Deep-Sea Piezophilic Enzymes
4. Conclusions and Prospects
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Source | Habitat | Enzyme | Thermostability | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bacillus sp. JM7 | deep-sea water | keratinase | 50 °C (70%, 1 h) | [44] |
Pyrococcus furiosus | deep-sea vents | prolidase | 100 °C (100%, 12 h) | [45] |
Geobacillus sp. EPT9 | deep-sea vents | lipase | 80 °C (44%, 1 h) | [46] |
Geobacillus sp. 12AMOR1 | deep-sea vents | monoacylglycerol lipase | 70 °C (half-life 1 h) | [47] |
Flammeovirga Sp. OC4 | deep-sea water | β-Agarase | 50 °C (35%, 144 h) | [48] |
Flammeovirga pacifica | deep-sea water | β-Agarase | 50 °C (100%, 10 h) | [49] |
Microbulbifer strain JAMB-A7 | deep-sea sediment | β-Agarase | 50 °C (half-life 502 min) | [50] |
Flammeovirga pacifica | deep-sea water | α-amylase | 60 °C (81%, 20 min) | [51] |
Geobacillus sp. 4j | deep-sea sediment | α-amylase | 80 °C (half-life 4.25 h) | [52] |
Fosmid library | deep-sea vents | cellulase | 92 °C (half-life 2 h) | [24] |
Flammeovirga pacifica | deep-sea water | arylsulfatase | 50 °C (70%, 12 h) | [53] |
Staphylothermus marinus | deep-sea vents | amylopullulanase | 100 °C (half-life 50 min) | [54] |
Geobacillus sp. MT-1 | deep-sea vents | xylanase | 65 °C (half-life 50 min) | [55] |
Source | Habitat | Enzyme | Activities at Low Temperatures | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Martelella mediterranea | deep-sea water | β-glucosidase | 50% at 4 °C | [82] |
Exiguobacterium oxidotolerans | deep-sea sediment | β-glycosidase | 61% at 10 °C | [83] |
Zunongwangia profunda | deep-sea sediment | xylanase | 38% at 5 °C | [84] |
Flammeovirga pacifica | deep-sea water | xylanase | 50–70% at 10 °C | [85] |
Luteimonas abyssi | deep-sea water | α-amylase | 36% at 10 °C | [87] |
Zunongwangia profunda | deep-sea sediment | α-amylase | 39% at 10 °C | [88] |
Pseudomonas strain | deep-sea sediment | α-amylase | 50% at 5 °C | [91] |
Wangia sp. C52 | deep-sea sediment | α-amylase | 50% at 25 °C | [92] |
Bacillus sp. dsh19-1 | deep-sea sediment | α-amylase | 35.7% at 4 °C | [89] |
Psychrobacter pacificensis | deep-sea water | esterase | 70% at 10 °C | [90] |
Metagenomic libraries | deep-sea sediment | esterase | 100% at 10 °C | [25] |
Metagenomic libraries | deep-sea sediment | esterase | 38% at 15 °C | [26] |
Metagenomic libraries | deep-sea sediment | lipase | most active below 30 °C | [93] |
Pseudoaltermonas sp. SM9913 | deep-sea sediment | serine protease | 60% at 20 °C | [94] |
Planococcus sp. M7 | deep-sea sediment | protease | 45% at 10 °C | [95] |
Source | Habitat | Enzyme | Activities at High Saline Concentrations | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Zunongwangia profunda | deep-sea sediment | α-amylase | 93% activity at 4 M NaCl | [88] |
Bacillus sp. dsh19-1 | deep-sea sediment | α-amylase | 60.5% activity at 5 M NaCl | [89] |
Zunongwangia profunda | deep-sea sediment | xylanase | near 100% activity at 5 M NaCl | [84] |
Flammeovirga pacifica | deep-sea water | xylanase | maximum at 1.5 M NaCl | [85] |
Emericellopsis sp. TS11 | deep-sea sponge | xylanase | maximum at 2 M NaCl | [114] |
Metagenomic libraries | deep-sea brine | esterase | maximum at 3–4 M NaCl | [110] |
Fosmid library | deep-sea sediment | esterase | maximum at 3.5 M NaCl | [27] |
Psychrobacter pacificensis | deep-sea water | esterase | maximum at 5 M NaCl | [90] |
Pseudoalteromonas spp. | deep-sea sediment | protease | maximum at 2 M NaCl | [111] |
Metagenomic libraries | deep-sea brine | mercuric reductase | maximum at 4 M NaCl | [112] |
candidate division MSBL1 archaeon SCGC-AAA261G05 | deep-sea brine | DNA polymerase | maximum at 0.5 M NaCl | [113] |
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Jin, M.; Gai, Y.; Guo, X.; Hou, Y.; Zeng, R. Properties and Applications of Extremozymes from Deep-Sea Extremophilic Microorganisms: A Mini Review. Mar. Drugs 2019, 17, 656. https://doi.org/10.3390/md17120656
Jin M, Gai Y, Guo X, Hou Y, Zeng R. Properties and Applications of Extremozymes from Deep-Sea Extremophilic Microorganisms: A Mini Review. Marine Drugs. 2019; 17(12):656. https://doi.org/10.3390/md17120656
Chicago/Turabian StyleJin, Min, Yingbao Gai, Xun Guo, Yanping Hou, and Runying Zeng. 2019. "Properties and Applications of Extremozymes from Deep-Sea Extremophilic Microorganisms: A Mini Review" Marine Drugs 17, no. 12: 656. https://doi.org/10.3390/md17120656