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Nutraceuticals
Volume 3
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10.3390/nutraceuticals3010006
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Article

Amber Extract Suppressed Mast Cell-Mediated Allergic Inflammation via the Regulation of Allergic Mediators—An In Vitro Study

by
Redoyan Refli
1,
Neng Tanty Sofyana
2,
Haruna Haeiwa
3,
Reiko Takeda
2,3,
Kazuma Okazaki
3,
Marie Sekita
3 and
Kazuichi Sakamoto
1,2,*
1
Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
2
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
3
Kohaku Bio Technology Co., Ltd., Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutraceuticals 2023, 3(1), 75-90; https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals3010006
Submission received: 22 November 2022 / Revised: 27 December 2022 / Accepted: 6 January 2023 / Published: 12 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Nutraceuticals in Actual Therapeutic Strategies)
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Abstract

The various clinical approaches for treating allergy-related diseases have shown modest progress in low side effects and improved clinical outcomes. Therefore, finding alternative anti-allergic agents is crucial. The present study explored the anti-allergic effects of amber extract (fossilized tree resin) in RBL-2H3 mast cells stimulated with different allergens. In order to support the information on the inflammatory effect of the amber extract, NO production analysis on RAW 264.7 cells was conducted. β-Hexosaminidase release, an indicator of the efficacy of the amber extract in preventing mast cell activation and degranulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and the effect of the amber extract on key cytokines production on RBL-2H3 cells, was evaluated. The results demonstrated that amber extract at concentrations up to 50 μg/mL had no cytotoxic effect on RAW 264.7 and RBL-2H3 cells. Amber extract inhibited NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. Treatment with amber extract significantly suppressed the release of β-hexosaminidase, especially at 50 μg/mL. Furthermore, amber extract suppressed the significantly increased ROS levels induced by allergen stimulation and allergy-associated cytokines. The results also suggested that amber extract exerts anti-allergic inflammatory effects by inhibiting the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, resulting in decreased cytokines production. Thus, the amber extract is a promising anti-allergic agent.
Keywords: amber extract; anti-allergy; mast cells; ROS; degranulation; cytokines; MAPK; NF-κB amber extract; anti-allergy; mast cells; ROS; degranulation; cytokines; MAPK; NF-κB
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MDPI and ACS Style

Refli, R.; Sofyana, N.T.; Haeiwa, H.; Takeda, R.; Okazaki, K.; Sekita, M.; Sakamoto, K. Amber Extract Suppressed Mast Cell-Mediated Allergic Inflammation via the Regulation of Allergic Mediators—An In Vitro Study. Nutraceuticals 2023, 3, 75-90. https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals3010006

AMA Style

Refli R, Sofyana NT, Haeiwa H, Takeda R, Okazaki K, Sekita M, Sakamoto K. Amber Extract Suppressed Mast Cell-Mediated Allergic Inflammation via the Regulation of Allergic Mediators—An In Vitro Study. Nutraceuticals. 2023; 3(1):75-90. https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals3010006

Chicago/Turabian Style

Refli, Redoyan, Neng Tanty Sofyana, Haruna Haeiwa, Reiko Takeda, Kazuma Okazaki, Marie Sekita, and Kazuichi Sakamoto. 2023. "Amber Extract Suppressed Mast Cell-Mediated Allergic Inflammation via the Regulation of Allergic Mediators—An In Vitro Study" Nutraceuticals 3, no. 1: 75-90. https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals3010006

APA Style

Refli, R., Sofyana, N. T., Haeiwa, H., Takeda, R., Okazaki, K., Sekita, M., & Sakamoto, K. (2023). Amber Extract Suppressed Mast Cell-Mediated Allergic Inflammation via the Regulation of Allergic Mediators—An In Vitro Study. Nutraceuticals, 3(1), 75-90. https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals3010006

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