Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus-Like Particles Induce a Potent Humoral and Cellular Immune Response in Goats
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cell Culture and Viruses
2.2. Construction of Bacmid Transfer Plasmid
2.3. Generation of Recombinant Baculoviruses
2.4. Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA)
2.5. Construction and Purification of Virus-Like Particles
2.6. Detection of Protein by Western Blot Analyses
2.7. Electron and Immuno-Electron Microscopy
2.8. Immunization of Mice and Goats and Sera Collection
2.9. ELISA for Antibody Subtype Detection
2.10. Virus Neutralization Test (VNT)
2.11. IFN-γ and IL-4 Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assays (ELISpot)
2.12. Flow Cytometry Assays for Intracellular Cytokine Staining (ICS)
2.13. Flow Cytometry Assays for B Cells and DCs
2.14. ELISA for PPRV-Specific Antibody and Cytokine in Goat Sera
2.15. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Generation and Characterization of PPRV VLPs
3.2. Characterization of the Humoral Immune Response to PPRV VLPs in Mice
3.3. Characterization of the Cellular Immune Response to PPRV VLPs in Mice
3.4. Characterization of the Humoral Immune Response to PPRV VLPs in Goats
3.5. Characterization of the Cytokine Response to PPRV VLPs in Goats
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Primer | Sequence (5'-3') | Restriction Enzyme Site |
---|---|---|
MF | ACAGCTAGCCGGTCCGATGACCGAGATCTACGAT | NheI+RsrII |
MR | GCATGCGCGGCCGCTTACAGGATCTTGAACAG | SphI+NotI |
FF | ACAGCTAGCCGGTCCGATGACACGGGTCGCAACC | NheI+Rsr II |
FR | GCATGCGCGGCCGCCTACAGTGATCTCACGTA | SphI+NotI |
HF | ACAGCTAGCCGGTCCGATGTCCGCACAAAGGGAA | NheI+RsrII |
HR | GGTACCGCGGCCGCTCAGACTGGATTACATGT | KpnI+NotI |
M13F | GTTTTCCCAGTCACGAC | |
M13R | CAGGAAACAGCTATGAC | |
P10F | GGGGTATCGACAGAGTGC | |
P10R | CGGACCTTTAATTCAACCC |
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Yan, F.; Banadyga, L.; Zhao, Y.; Zhao, Z.; Schiffman, Z.; Huang, P.; Li, E.; Wang, C.; Gao, Y.; Feng, N.; et al. Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus-Like Particles Induce a Potent Humoral and Cellular Immune Response in Goats. Viruses 2019, 11, 918. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11100918
Yan F, Banadyga L, Zhao Y, Zhao Z, Schiffman Z, Huang P, Li E, Wang C, Gao Y, Feng N, et al. Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus-Like Particles Induce a Potent Humoral and Cellular Immune Response in Goats. Viruses. 2019; 11(10):918. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11100918
Chicago/Turabian StyleYan, Feihu, Logan Banadyga, Yongkun Zhao, Ziqi Zhao, Zachary Schiffman, Pei Huang, Entao Li, Cuiling Wang, Yuwei Gao, Na Feng, and et al. 2019. "Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus-Like Particles Induce a Potent Humoral and Cellular Immune Response in Goats" Viruses 11, no. 10: 918. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11100918