Mosquitoes of North-Western Europe as Potential Vectors of Arboviruses: A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Chikungunya Virus
3.2. Dengue Virus
3.3. Zika Virus
3.4. Usutu Virus
3.5. West Nile Virus
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Belgium | France | Germany | Ireland | Luxembourg | Switzerland | The Netherlands | UK | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of species | 33 | 57 | 49 | 20 | 15 | 35 | 38 | 34 |
Belgium | France | Germany | Ireland | Luxembourg | Netherlands | Switzerland | United Kingdom | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aedes (Acartomyia) mariae (Sergent and Sergent, 1903) | - | X | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Aedes (Aedes) cinereus Meigen, 1818 * and Aedes (Aedes) geminus Peus, 1970 * | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Aedes (Aedes) rossicus Dolbeskin, Gorickaja and Mitrofanova, 1930 | - | X | X | - | - | - | - | - |
Aedes (Aedimorphus) vexans (Meigen, 1830) | X | X | X | - | - | X | X | X |
Aedes (Dahliana) geniculatus (Olivier, 1791) | X | X | X | - | X | X | X | X |
Aedes (Fredwarsius) vittatus (Bigot, 1861) | - | X | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Aedes (Hulecoeteomyia) japonicus (Theobald 1901) | X | X | X | - | - | X | X | - |
Aedes (Hulecoeteomyia) koreicus (Edwards 1917) | X | - | i | - | - | - | X | - |
Aedes (Ochlerotatus) annulipes (Meigen, 1830) | X | X | X | - | X | X | X | X |
Aedes (Ochlerotatus) berlandi Séguy, 1921 | - | X | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Aedes (Ochlerotatus) cantans (Meigen, 1818) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Aedes (Ochlerotatus) caspius (Pallas, 1771) | X | X | X | X | - | X | X | X |
Aedes (Ochlerotatus) cataphylla Dyar, 1916 | - | X | X | - | - | - | X | - |
Aedes (Ochlerotatus) coluzzi Rioux, Guilvard and Pasteur, 1998 | - | X | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Aedes (Ochlerotatus) communis (DeGeer, 1776) | X | X | X | - | - | X | X | X |
Aedes (Ochlerotatus) detritus Haliday, 1833 | X | X | X | X | - | X | - | X |
Aedes (Ochlerotatus) diantaeus Howard, Dyar and Knab, 1912 | - | X | X | - | - | - | - | - |
Aedes (Ochlerotatus) dorsalis (Meigen, 1830) | X | X | X | X | - | X | X | X |
Aedes (Ochlerotatus) excrucians (Walker, 1856) | - | - | X | - | - | X | X | - |
Aedes (Ochlerotatus) flavescens (Müller, 1764) | X | X | X | - | - | X | X | X |
Aedes (Ochlerotatus) leucomelas (Meigen, 1804) | - | - | X | - | - | X | - | X |
Aedes (Ochlerotatus) nigrinus (Eckstein, 1918) | - | X | X | - | - | X | - | - |
Aedes (Ochlerotatus) pulcritarsis (Rondani, 1872) | - | X | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Aedes (Ochlerotatus) pullatus (Coquillett, 1904) | - | X | X | - | - | - | X | - |
Aedes (Ochlerotatus) punctor (Kirby, 1837) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Aedes (Ochlerotatus) riparius Dyar and Knab, 1907 | - | - | X | - | - | X | - | - |
Aedes (Ochlerotatus) sticticus (Meigen, 1838) | X | X | X | - | X | X | X | X |
Aedes (Ochlerotatus) surcoufi (Theobald, 1912) | - | X | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Aedes (Rusticoidus) refiki Medschid, 1928 | - | X | X | - | - | - | X | - |
Aedes (Rusticoidus) rusticus (Rossi, 1790) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus,1762) | - | - | - | - | - | i | - | - |
Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1894) | X | X | X | - | - | X | X | - |
Anopheles (Anopheles) algeriensis (heobald, 1903 | - | X | X | X | - | X | - | X |
Anopheles (Anopheles) atroparvus Van Thiel, 1927 | X | X | X | X | - | X | - | X |
Anopheles (Anopheles) claviger (Meigen, 1804) sensu stricto | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Anopheles (Anopheles) hyrcanus (Pallas, 1771) | - | X | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Anopheles (Anopheles) maculipennis Meigen, 1818 sensu lato* | X | X | X | - | - | X | X | - |
Anopheles (Anopheles) melanoon Hackett, 1934 | - | X | - | - | - | X | - | - |
Anopheles (Anopheles) messeae Falleroni, 1926 | X | X | X | X | - | X | - | X |
Anopheles (Anopheles) petragnani Del Vecchio, 1939 | - | X | X | - | - | - | - | - |
Anopheles (Anopheles) plumbeus Stephens, 1828 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Coquillettidia (Coquillettidia) buxtoni (Edwards, 1923) | - | X | - | - | - | - | X | - |
Coquillettidia (Coquillettidia) richiardii (Ficalbi, 1889) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Culex (Barraudius) modestus Ficalbi, 1889 | - | X | X | - | - | X | X | X |
Culex (Culex) mimeticus Noé, 1899 | - | X | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Culex (Culex) pipiens Linnaeus, 1758 sensu lato* | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Culex (Culex) pipiens biotype pipiens Linnaeus, 1758 | X | - | X | X | - | - | - | X |
Culex (Culex) pipiens biotype molestus Forskål, 1775 | X | - | X | - | - | - | - | X |
Culex (Culex) theileri Theobald, 1903 | - | X | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Culex (Culex) torrentium Martini, 1925 | X | X | X | - | X | X | X | X |
Culex (Maillotia) hortensis Ficalbi, 1889 | X | X | X | - | - | - | X | - |
Culex (Neoculex) europaeus Ramos et al., 2003 (syn. Culex territans Walker, 1856) | X | X | X | - | X | X | X | X |
Culex (Neoculex) impudicus Ficalbi, 1890 | - | X | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Culex (Neoculex) martinii Medschid, 1930 | - | X | X | - | - | - | X | - |
Culiseta (Allotheobaldia) longiareolata (Macquart, 1838) | - | X | X | - | - | - | X | X |
Culiseta (Culicella) fumipennis (Stephens, 1825) | X | X | - | - | - | X | x | X |
Culiseta (Culicella) litorea (Shute, 1928) | - | X | - | X | - | - | - | X |
Culiseta (Culicella) morsitans (Theobald, 1901) | X | X | X | X | - | X | X | X |
Culiseta (Culicella) ochroptera (Peus, 1935) | - | - | X | - | - | X | - | - |
Culiseta (Culiseta) alaskaensis (Ludlow, 1906) | - | X | X | X | - | X | X | X |
Culiseta (Culiseta) annulata (Schrank, 1776) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Culiseta (Culiseta) glaphyroptera (Schiner, 1864) | - | X | X | - | - | - | - | - |
Culiseta (Culiseta) subochrea (Edwards, 1921) | X | X | X | X | - | X | - | X |
Orthopodomyia pulcripalpis (Rondani, 1872) | X | X | - | - | - | - | - | X |
Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) unguiculata Edwards, 1913 | - | X | X | - | - | - | - | - |
Laboratory Experiment | Field Data | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dengue | Chikungunya | Zika | Usutu | West Nile | Usutu | West Nile | |
Aedes cinereus *, Aedes geminus * | - | - | - | - | - | - | [26], W [27] |
Aedes rossicus | - | - | - | - | - | - | [26], E [28] |
Aedes vexans | - | E [13] | W [29,30] | - | W [31] | E [32] | [26], E [32], W [27,33,34] |
Aedes geniculatus | - | E [35] | - | - | [36] | - | [26] |
Aedes japonicus | [11] | [11] | [37] | - | [10,38] | - | W [39] |
Aedes koreicus | - | E [9] | - | - | - | - | |
Aedes annulipes | - | - | - | - | - | - | [26] |
Aedes cantans | - | - | - | - | - | - | E [40] |
Aedes caspius | - | - | - | - | [41] | - | E [42] |
Aedes detritus | [12] | [12] | - | - | [12] | E [42] | - |
Aedes dorsalis | - | - | - | - | W [43] | - | W [34] |
Aedes sticticus | - | - | W [30] | - | - | - | [26], W [34] |
Aedes albopictus | W [44] | [45] | [8,46] | E [47] | W [48] | E [42] | W [49] |
Anopheles claviger sensu lato | - | - | - | - | - | - | [26] |
Anopheles maculipennis sensu lato * | - | E [13] | - | - | - | E [42] | [26] |
Anopheles plumbeus | - | - | - | - | [36] | - | [26] |
Coquillettidia richiardii | - | - | - | - | - | - | [26], E [40] |
Culex modestus | - | - | - | - | [41,50] | - | [26], E [42] |
Culex pipiens sensu lato * | - | - | [8] | [51,52] | [41,51,53,54,55,56] | [6,57,58,59,60], E [42] | [26,61], E [42] |
Culex torrentium | - | - | [8], E [8,62] | - | [56] | [59] | - |
Culex europaeus | - | - | - | - | - | E [32] | W [34] |
Culiseta annulata | - | - | - | - | - | E [32,42] | [26] |
Culiseta morsitans | - | - | - | - | - | - | W [40] |
Uranotaenia unguiculata | - | - | - | - | - | - | E [63,64,65] |
Species | Country | Locality | Titer of Blood Meal | Virus Strain | Infection | Transmission | Days Post Infection | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aedes vexans | France | Côte d’Azur | 107 PFU/mL | CHIKV 06.21 La Réunion 2005 | NA | - | 12–14 | [7] |
Aedes japonicus japonicus | Switzerland | Zürich | 107 ffu/mL | CHIKV 06.21 La Réunion 2005 | + | + | 14 | [11] |
Aedes japonicus japonicus | Switzerland | Zürich | 107 ffu/mL | DENV Serotype 2, Bangkok Thailand | + | + | 14 | [11] |
Aedes japonicus japonicus | Switzerland | Zürich | 106 TCID50/mL | West Nile virus (WNV) lineage 1 FIN Italy | + | + | 14 | [10] |
Aedes japonicus japonicus | Germany | Stuttgart | 2 × 107 PFU/mL | WNV lineage 1 strain NY99 | - | - | 14 | [38] |
Aedes japonicus japonicus | Switzerland | Zürich | 106 TCID50/mL | WNV lineage 1 strain NY99 | + | + | 14 | [10] |
Aedes japonicus japonicus | Germany | - | 107 PFU/mL | ZIKV_FB-GWUH-2016 | + | + | 14 | [37] |
Aedes caspius | France | Côte d’Azur | 107 PFU/mL | CHIKV 06.21 La Réunion 2005 | NA | + | 12–14 | [7] |
Aedes caspius | France | Camargue | 1010,3 PFU/mL | WNV PaAn001 AY268135 | + | - | 14 | [41] |
Aedes detritus | France | Côte d’Azur | 107 PFU/mL | CHIKV 06.21 La Réunion 2005 | NA | + | 12–14 | [7] |
Aedes detritus | United Kingdom | Little Neston | 107 PFU/mL | CHIKV NC/ 2011-568 | - | - | 17 | [12] |
Aedes detritus | United Kingdom | Little Neston | 107 PFU/mL | DENV Serotype 2, Bangkok Thailand | - | - | 17 | [12] |
Aedes detritus | United Kingdom | Little Neston | 2 × 106 PFU/mL | WNV NY-99 | + | + | 17 | [12] |
Aedes albopictus | France | Bar-sur-Loup | 106,5 PFU/mL | CHIKV 06.21 La Réunion 2005 | + | + | 3,5,7 | [45] |
Aedes albopictus | France | Côte d’Azur | 107 PFU/mL | CHIKV 06.21 La Réunion 2005 | NA | + | 12–14 | [7] |
Aedes albopictus | France | Bar-sur-Loup | 106,5 PFU/mL | CHIKV 20235 2013 | + | + | 3,5,7 | [45] |
Aedes albopictus | France | Nice | 107 TCID50/mL | ZIKV strain (NC-2014-5132) | + | + | 14 | [46] |
Aedes albopictus | Germany | - | 107 PFU/mL | ZIKV_FB-GWUH-2016 | + | + | 21 | [8] |
Culex modestus | France | Camargue | 1010,3 PFU/mL | WNV PaAn001 AY268132 | + | + | 14 | [50] |
Culex modestus | France | Camargue | 1010,3 PFU/mL | WNV PaAn001 AY268134 | + | + | 14 | [41] |
Culex pipiens hybrid form | United Kingdom | - | 106 PFU/mL | Usutu virus (USUV) African strain SAAR-1776 | - | - | 14 | [52] |
Culex pipiens hybrid form | Netherlands | - | 5.2 × 107 TCID50 /mL | WNV lineage 2 strain Greece 2010 | + | + | 14 | [54] |
Culex pipiens molestus | Germany | Heidelberg, Wendland, and Langenhelsten | 1–1.6 × 107 PFU/mL | WNV lineage 1 strain NY99 | + | + | 14 | [56] |
Culex pipiens molestus | Netherlands | Amsterdam | 5.2 × 107 TCID50 /mL | WNV lineage 2 strain Greece 2010 | + | + | 14 | [54] |
Culex pipiens molestus | Germany | Langenhelsten | 107 PFU/mL | ZIKV_FB-GWUH-2016 | + | - | - | [8] |
Culex pipiens pipiens | United Kingdom | - | 106 PFU/mL | USUV African strain SAAR-1776 | + | + | 14 | [52] |
Culex pipiens pipiens | Germany | Hamburg | 1–1.6 × 107 PFU/mL | WNV lineage 1 strain NY99 | + | + | 14 | [56] |
Culex pipiens pipiens | Netherlands | Best | 5.2 × 107 TCID50 /mL | WNV lineage 2 strain Greece 2010 | + | + | 14 | [54] |
Culex pipiens pipiens | Germany | - | 107 PFU/mL | ZIKV_FB-GWUH-2016 | + | - | - | [8] |
Culex pipiens s.l. | France | Côte d’Azur | 107 PFU/mL | CHIKV 06.21 La Réunion 2005 | NA | - | 12–14 | [7] |
Culex pipiens s.l. | Netherlands | Brummen | 4 × 107 TCID50/mL | USUV Bologna 2009 | + | + | 14 | [51] |
Culex pipiens s.l. | Switzerland | Zürich | 102.6 to 104.2 PFU/mL | WNV lineage 1 FIN Italy | + | - | 14 | [55] |
Culex pipiens s.l. | Switzerland | Zürich | 102.6 to 104.2 PFU/mL | WNV lineage 1 strain NY99 | + | + | 14 | [55] |
Culex pipiens s.l. | Netherlands | Brummen | 1.4 × 108 TCID50/ml | WNV lineage 2 strain Greece 2010 | + | + | 14 | [53] |
Culex pipiens s.l. | Netherlands | Brummen | 4 × 107 TCID50/mL | WNV lineage 2 strain Greece 2010 | + | + | 14 | [51] |
Culex pipiens s.l. | France | Camargue | 1010,3 PFU/mL | WNV PaAn001 AY268133 | + | + | 14 | [41] |
Culex torrentium | Germany | Hamburg | 1–1,6 × 107 PFU/mL | WNV lineage 1 strain NY99 | + | + | 14 | [56] |
Culex torrentium | Germany | - | 107 PFU/mL | ZIKV_FB-GWUH-2016 | + | - | 14,21 | [8] |
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Martinet, J.-P.; Ferté, H.; Failloux, A.-B.; Schaffner, F.; Depaquit, J. Mosquitoes of North-Western Europe as Potential Vectors of Arboviruses: A Review. Viruses 2019, 11, 1059. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11111059
Martinet J-P, Ferté H, Failloux A-B, Schaffner F, Depaquit J. Mosquitoes of North-Western Europe as Potential Vectors of Arboviruses: A Review. Viruses. 2019; 11(11):1059. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11111059
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartinet, Jean-Philippe, Hubert Ferté, Anna-Bella Failloux, Francis Schaffner, and Jérôme Depaquit. 2019. "Mosquitoes of North-Western Europe as Potential Vectors of Arboviruses: A Review" Viruses 11, no. 11: 1059. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11111059