HIV-1 Sub-Subtype A6: Settings for Normalised Identification and Molecular Epidemiology in the Southern Federal District, Russia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Patients and Methods
Study Design and Participants
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics
3.2. Viral Subtype Distribution
3.3. Resistance-Associated-Mutations (RAMs) and Drug-Susceptibility Profiles
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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RAMs | Patients | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total 1 | TN 2 | TE 3 | No Data 4 | p Value 5 | |
PI | 261 | 102 | 110 | 49 | |
D30N | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | ≥0.05 |
M46IL | 13 (5.0%) | 2 (2.0%) | 9 (8.2%) | 2 (4.1%) | ≥0.05 |
G48V | 2 (0.8%) | 2 (2.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ≥0.05 |
I50VL | 4 (1.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (2.7%) | 1 (2.0%) | ≥0.05 |
I54AV | 8 (3.1%) | 1 (1.0%) | 6 (5.5%) | 1 (2.0%) | ≥0.05 |
L76V | 2 (0.8%) | 1 (1.0%) | 1 (0.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | ≥0.05 |
V82AFMST | 10 (3.8%) | 1 (1.0%) | 8 (7.3%) | 1 (2.0%) | 0,0363 |
N88S | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.0%) | ≥0.05 |
L90M | 10 (3.8%) | 1 (1.0%) | 8 (7.3%) | 1 (2.0%) | 0,0363 |
NRTIs | 277 | 109 | 120 | 48 | |
M41L | 22 (7.9%) | 1 (0.9%) | 19 (15.8%) | 2 (4.2%) | <0.0001 |
E44D | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | ≥0.05 |
A62V | 61 (22.0%) | 30 (27.5%) | 22 (18.3%) | 9 (18.8%) | ≥0.05 |
D67G | 3 (1.1%) | 1 (0.9%) | 2 (1.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | ≥0.05 |
D67N | 17 (6.1%) | 1 (0.9%) | 13 (10.8%) | 3 (6.3%) | 0.0016 |
K65DEN | 4 (1.4%) | 1 (0.9%) | 3 (2.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | ≥0.05 |
T69DN | 3 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (2.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | ≥0.05 |
T69G_SG | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | ≥0.05 |
K70ER | 14 (5.1%) | 1 (0.9%) | 11 (9.2%) | 2 (4.2%) | 0.0058 |
L74IV | 9 (3.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (5.0%) | 3 (6.3%) | ≥0.05 |
V75AIM | 5 (1.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (4.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | ≥0.05 |
Y115F | 2 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.8%) | 1 (2.1%) | ≥0.05 |
M184IV | 60 (21.7%) | 5 (4.6%) | 44 (36.7%) | 11 (22.9%) | <0.0001 |
L210W | 8 (2.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (6.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.0073 |
T215CFILNSY | 38 (13.7%) | 1 (0.9%) | 33 (27.5%) | 4 (8.3%) | <0.0001 |
K219ENQ | 16 (5.8%) | 1 (0.9%) | 12 (10.0%) | 3 (6.3%) | 0.0030 |
NNRTI | 277 | 109 | 120 | 48 | |
A98G | 2 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (1.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | ≥0.05 |
K101EHPQ | 11 (4.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (7.5%) | 2 (4.2%) | 0.0036 |
L100F | 2 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (1.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | ≥0.05 |
K103NS | 28 (10.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 24 (20.0%) | 4 (8.3%) | <0.0001 |
V106A | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | ≥0.05 |
V108I | 6 (2.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (2.5%) | 3 (6.3%) | ≥0.05 |
E138AGHKQR | 20 (7.2%) | 5 (4.6%) | 13 (10.8%) | 2 (4.2%) | ≥0.05 |
V179DE | 6 (2.2%) | 2 (1.8%) | 4 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | ≥0.05 |
Y181CFIV | 13 (4.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 11 (9.2%) | 2 (4.2%) | 0.0009 |
Y188LS | 4 (1.4%) | 1 (0.9%) | 3 (2.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | ≥0.05 |
G190AS | 21 (7.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 18 (15.0%) | 3 (6.3%) | <0.0001 |
H221Y | 2 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (1.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | ≥0.05 |
P225H | 4 (1.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (2.5%) | 1 (2.1%) | ≥0.05 |
F227L | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | ≥0.05 |
M230L | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | ≥0.05 |
K238T | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.1%) | ≥0.05 |
Y318F | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | ≥0.05 |
INSTI | 61 | 19 | 21 | 21 | |
T6TK | 1 (1.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (4.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | ≥0.05 |
G140A | 1 (1.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (4.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | ≥0.05 |
Q148R | 1 (1.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (4.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | ≥0.05 |
N155H | 1 (1.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (4.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | ≥0.05 |
Patients | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total 1 | TN 2 | TE 3 | No Data 4 | ||
Available PR Sequences | 261 | 102 | 110 | 49 | |
PI | IR | 11 (4.2%) | 6 (5.9%) | 5 (4.5%) | 0 (0.0%) |
FR | 21 (8.0%) | 3 (2.9%) | 14 (12.7%) | 4 (8.2%) | |
CR-resistance | 32 (12.3%) | 9 (8.8%) | 19 (17.3%) | 4 (8.2%) | |
Available RT Sequences | 277 | 109 | 120 | 48 | |
NRTI | IR | 9 (3.2%) | 2 (1.8%) | 6 (5.0%) | 1 (2.1%) |
FR | 72 (26.0%) | 5 (4.6%) | 54 (45.0%) | 13 (27.1%) | |
CR-resistance | 81 (29.2%) | 7 (6.4%) | 60 (50.0%) | 14 (29.2%) | |
NNRTI | IR | 2 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.8%) | 1 (2.1%) |
FR | 54 (19.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 46 (38.3%) | 8 (16.7%) | |
CR-resistance | 56 (20.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 47 (39.2%) | 9 (18.8%) | |
NRTI + NNRTI | IR | 3 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (1.7%) | 1 (2.1%) |
FR | 30 (10.83%) | 0 (0.0%) | 26 (21.7%) | 4 (8.3%) | |
CR-resistance | 33 (11.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 28 (23.3%) | 5 (10.4%) | |
Available PR + RT Sequences | 260 | 102 | 109 | 49 | |
PI + NRTI | IR | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (1.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
FR | 9 (3.5%) | 2 (2.0%) | 5 (4.6%) | 2 (4.1%) | |
CR-resistance | 10 (3.8%) | 3 (2.9%) | 5 (4.6%) | 2 (4.1%) | |
PI + NNRTI | IR | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.9%) | 0 (0.0%) |
FR | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
CR-resistance | 2 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (1.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
PI + NRTI + NNRTI | IR | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
FR | 5 (1.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (2.8%) | 2 (4.1%) | |
CR-resistance | 5 (1.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (2.8%) | 2 (4.1%) | |
Available IN Sequences | 61 | 19 | 21 | 21 | |
INSTI | IR | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
FR | 2 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (9.5%) | 2 (4.1%) | |
CR-resistance | 3 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (9.5%) | 2 (4.1%) | |
Available RT + IN Sequences | 52 | 18 | 17 | 17 | |
NRTI + NNRTI + INSTI | IR | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
FR | 2 (3.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (11.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
CR-resistance | 2 (3.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (11.8%) | 0 (0.0%) |
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Schlösser, M.; Kartashev, V.V.; Mikkola, V.H.; Shemshura, A.; Saukhat, S.; Kolpakov, D.; Suladze, A.; Tverdokhlebova, T.; Hutt, K.; Heger, E.; et al. HIV-1 Sub-Subtype A6: Settings for Normalised Identification and Molecular Epidemiology in the Southern Federal District, Russia. Viruses 2020, 12, 475. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12040475
Schlösser M, Kartashev VV, Mikkola VH, Shemshura A, Saukhat S, Kolpakov D, Suladze A, Tverdokhlebova T, Hutt K, Heger E, et al. HIV-1 Sub-Subtype A6: Settings for Normalised Identification and Molecular Epidemiology in the Southern Federal District, Russia. Viruses. 2020; 12(4):475. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12040475
Chicago/Turabian StyleSchlösser, Madita, Vladimir V. Kartashev, Visa H. Mikkola, Andrey Shemshura, Sergey Saukhat, Dmitriy Kolpakov, Alexandr Suladze, Tatiana Tverdokhlebova, Katharina Hutt, Eva Heger, and et al. 2020. "HIV-1 Sub-Subtype A6: Settings for Normalised Identification and Molecular Epidemiology in the Southern Federal District, Russia" Viruses 12, no. 4: 475. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12040475