Hepatitis C Virus Subtypes Novel 6g-Related Subtype and 6w Could Be Indigenous in Southern Taiwan with Characteristic Geographic Distribution
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Diagnostic Procedures
Study Design
2.3. Genotyping by Abbott GT II and PLUS Assays
2.4. Genotyping by 5′UTR/Core Sequencing
2.5. Subtyping by E1 and NS5B Sequencing
2.6. Phylogenetic Analysis by E1 and NS5B Sequencing
3. Results
4. Discussions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Region | Districts | GT1a | GT1b | GT2 | GT3 | GT4 | GT6 | MT | T (n) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Baihe | 0 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 16 |
Dongshan | 1 | 21 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 1 | 80 | |
Liouying | 4 | 53 | 75 | 0 | 0 | 65 | 1 | 198 | |
Liujia | 2 | 30 | 70 | 1 | 0 | 67 | 1 | 171 | |
Xiaying | 3 | 82 | 83 | 2 | 0 | 65 | 3 | 238 | |
Guantian | 5 | 31 | 48 | 1 | 1 | 41 | 1 | 128 | |
Danei | 1 | 5 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 16 | |
2 | Xuejia | 2 | 27 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 52 |
Madou | 12 | 25 | 66 | 0 | 1 | 23 | 1 | 128 | |
Jiangjun | 2 | 19 | 82 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 1 | 128 | |
Chiali | 6 | 45 | 63 | 0 | 1 | 22 | 0 | 137 | |
Xigang | 1 | 17 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 47 | |
Qigu | 0 | 26 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 71 | |
3 | Nanxi | 0 | 5 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 12 |
Yujing | 1 | 9 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 24 | |
Nanhua | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | |
Shanshang | 1 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | |
Zuozhen | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | |
Shanhua | 6 | 12 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 49 | |
Xinshi | 2 | 16 | 23 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 48 | |
Xinhua | 0 | 28 | 49 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 1 | 88 | |
Guanmiao | 1 | 5 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 19 | |
Anding | 0 | 4 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 14 | |
Yongkang | 10 | 75 | 116 | 7 | 0 | 22 | 1 | 231 | |
Guiren | 3 | 11 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 40 | |
Annan | 8 | 42 | 69 | 1 | 1 | 20 | 0 | 141 | |
Anping | 2 | 27 | 51 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 84 | |
North | 6 | 35 | 36 | 1 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 94 | |
East | 2 | 23 | 33 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 68 | |
W. central | 1 | 16 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 42 | |
South | 3 | 13 | 35 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 55 | |
Rende | 3 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 23 | |
4 | Houbi | 16 | 44 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 100 |
Xinying | 12 | 146 | 132 | 1 | 0 | 43 | 1 | 335 | |
Yanshui | 2 | 44 | 57 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 1 | 114 | |
Beimen | 0 | 2 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | |
Total | 119 | 956 | 1388 | 19 | 7 | 518 | 15 | 3022 |
Region-1 | Region-2 | Region-3 | Region-4 | Total | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
GT 1a | 16 | 1.9% | 23 | 4.1% | 50 | 4.8% | 30 | 5.3% | 119 | 3.9% |
GT 1b | 228 | 26.9% | 159 | 28.2% | 333 | 31.8% | 236 | 41.8% | 956 | 31.6% |
GT 2 | 324 | 38.3% | 291 | 51.7% | 532 | 50.8% | 241 | 42.7% | 1388 | 45.9% |
GT 3 | 5 | 0.6% | 0 | 13 | 1.2% | 1 | 0.2% | 19 | 0.6% | |
GT 4 | 1 | 0.1% | 2 | 0.4% | 4 | 0.4% | 0 | 7 | 0.2% | |
GT 6 | 266 | 31.4% | 86 | 15.3% | 112 | 10.7% | 54 | 9.6% | 518 | 17.1% |
Mixed GT | 7 | 0.8% | 2 | 0.4% | 4 | 0.4% | 2 | 0.4% | 15 | 0.5% |
Total | 847 | 28.0% | 563 | 18.6% | 1048 | 34.7% | 564 | 18.7% | 3022 |
Region | Districts | GT6a | % | GT6g | % | GT6n | % | GT6w | % | ID | % | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Baihe | 1 | 33.3% | 2 | 66.7% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 3 |
Dongshan | 1 | 10.0% | 4 | 40.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 5 | 50.0% | 10 | |
Liouying | 0 | 0.0% | 38 | 90.5% | 0 | 0.0% | 2 | 4.8% | 2 | 4.8% | 42 | |
Liujia | 0 | 0.0% | 34 | 94.4% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 2 | 5.6% | 36 | |
Xiaying | 1 | 2.4% | 39 | 95.1% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 2.4% | 0 | 0.0% | 41 | |
Guantian | 3 | 13.0% | 19 | 82.6% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 4.3% | 23 | |
6 | 3.9% | 136 | 87.7% | 0 | 0.0% | 3 | 1.9% | 10 | 6.5% | 155 | ||
2 | Xuejia | 0 | 0.0% | 2 | 100.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 2 |
Madou | 0 | 0.0% | 18 | 100.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 18 | |
Jiangjun | 0 | 0.0% | 9 | 100.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 9 | |
Jiali | 0 | 0.0% | 11 | 68.8% | 1 | 6.3% | 4 | 25.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 16 | |
Xigang | 1 | 20.0% | 2 | 40.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 2 | 40.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 5 | |
Qigu | 0 | 0.0% | 4 | 80.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 20.0% | 5 | |
1 | 1.8% | 46 | 83.6% | 1 | 1.8% | 6 | 10.9% | 1 | 1.8% | 55 | ||
3 | Yujing | 1 | 100.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 |
Shanhua | 1 | 12.5% | 6 | 75.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 12.5% | 0 | 0.0% | 8 | |
Xinhua | 0 | 0.0% | 2 | 50.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 25.0% | 1 | 25.0% | 4 | |
Xinshi | 1 | 20.0% | 3 | 60.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 20.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 5 | |
Guanmiao | 1 | 100.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | |
Yongkang | 2 | 16.7% | 3 | 25.0% | 1 | 8.3% | 4 | 33.3% | 2 | 16.7% | 12 | |
Anding | 1 | 50.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 50.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 2 | |
Annan | 1 | 6.3% | 5 | 31.3% | 0 | 0.0% | 9 | 56.3% | 1 | 6.3% | 16 | |
Anping | 1 | 50.0% | 1 | 50.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 2 | |
North | 2 | 25.0% | 5 | 62.5% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 12.5% | 0 | 0.0% | 8 | |
East | 0 | 0.0% | 3 | 100.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 3 | |
W. central | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 2 | 100.0% | 2 | |
South | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 100.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | |
Rende | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 100.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | |
11 | 16.7% | 28 | 42.4% | 1 | 1.5% | 20 | 30.3% | 6 | 9.1% | 66 | ||
4 | Houbi | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 100.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 |
Xinying | 4 | 12.5% | 22 | 68.8% | 0 | 0.0% | 2 | 6.3% | 4 | 12.5% | 32 | |
Yanshui | 0 | 0.0% | 6 | 75.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 12.5% | 1 | 12.5% | 8 | |
4 | 9.8% | 29 | 70.7% | 0 | 0.0% | 3 | 7.3% | 5 | 12.2% | 41 | ||
Chiayi | 0 | 0.0% | 6 | 85.7% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 14.3% | 0 | 0.0% | 7 | |
Kaohsiung | 2 | 28.6% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 14.3% | 2 | 28.6% | 2 | 28.6% | 7 |
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Tung, H.-D.; Lee, P.-L.; Chen, J.-J.; Kuo, H.-T.; Sheu, M.-J.; Cheng, C.-T.; Chuang, T.-W.; Kao, H.-J.; Wu, Y.-H.; Pang, M.-G.; et al. Hepatitis C Virus Subtypes Novel 6g-Related Subtype and 6w Could Be Indigenous in Southern Taiwan with Characteristic Geographic Distribution. Viruses 2021, 13, 1316. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071316
Tung H-D, Lee P-L, Chen J-J, Kuo H-T, Sheu M-J, Cheng C-T, Chuang T-W, Kao H-J, Wu Y-H, Pang M-G, et al. Hepatitis C Virus Subtypes Novel 6g-Related Subtype and 6w Could Be Indigenous in Southern Taiwan with Characteristic Geographic Distribution. Viruses. 2021; 13(7):1316. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071316
Chicago/Turabian StyleTung, Hung-Da, Pei-Lun Lee, Jyh-Jou Chen, Hsing-Tao Kuo, Ming-Jen Sheu, Chun-Ta Cheng, Tang-Wei Chuang, Hsu-Ju Kao, Yu-Hsun Wu, Mai-Gio Pang, and et al. 2021. "Hepatitis C Virus Subtypes Novel 6g-Related Subtype and 6w Could Be Indigenous in Southern Taiwan with Characteristic Geographic Distribution" Viruses 13, no. 7: 1316. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071316
APA StyleTung, H. -D., Lee, P. -L., Chen, J. -J., Kuo, H. -T., Sheu, M. -J., Cheng, C. -T., Chuang, T. -W., Kao, H. -J., Wu, Y. -H., Pang, M. -G., Lin, C. -H., Hou, C. -Y., Tsai, H. -H., Wu, L. -C., & Lee, C. (2021). Hepatitis C Virus Subtypes Novel 6g-Related Subtype and 6w Could Be Indigenous in Southern Taiwan with Characteristic Geographic Distribution. Viruses, 13(7), 1316. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071316