Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Gene Delivery: Dissecting Molecular Interactions upon Cell Entry
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. AAV Biotechnology
1.2. AAV Molecular Biology
1.3. The First High-Resolution Dependovirus Structure
2. AAV Capsid Modification Strategies
2.1. Natural AAV Genetic Diversity
2.2. AAV Directed Evolution
2.3. AAV Mutants
3. AAV Cell Attachment and Entry
3.1. AAV Glycan Attachment Factors
3.1.1. HSPG
3.1.2. SIA and GAL
3.2. AAV Proteinaceous Receptors
3.2.1. AAVR
3.2.2. GPR108 and VP1u
4. Concluding Remarks
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Serotype | Clade | Resolution | Year | Tropism 1 | Tropism 2 | Tropism 3 | Reference | PDBid |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AAV1 | A | X-ray 2.5 Å | 2010 | Muscle, CNS, heart | Skin, lung, kidney, cervix, bone | Kidney, skin | Ng et al. [21] | 3NG9 |
AAV2 | B | X-ray 3.0 Å | 2002 | Liver, CNS, muscle | Skin, lung, kidney, cervix, liver, bone | Liver, kidney, cervix, retina, skin | Xie et al. [22] | 1LP3 |
AAV3 | C | X-ray 2.6 Å | 2010 | Muscle, stem cells | Skin, lung, kidney, cervix, liver, bone | Skin | Lerch et al. [23] | 3KIC |
AAV4 | Unique | X-ray 3.2 Å | 2006 | Eye, CNS | Bone | Not detected | Govindasamy et al. [24] | 2G8G |
AAV5 | Unique | X-ray 3.5 Å | 2013 | CNS, lung, eye | Not detected | Not detected | Govindasamy et al. [25] | 3NTT |
AAV6 | A | X-ray 3.0 Å | 2011 | Muscle, CNS, heart, lung | Skin, lung, kidney, cervix, bone | Skin | Xie et al. [26] | 4V86 |
AAV7 | D | Cryo-EM 3.0 Å | 2021 | Muscle, CNS | Not detected | Not detected | Mietzsch et al. [20] | 7L5Q |
AAV8 | E | X-ray 2.6 Å | 2007 | Liver, muscle, pancreas, CNS | Not detected | Not detected | Nam et al. [27] | 2QA0 |
AAV9 | F | X-ray 2.8 Å | 2012 | Broad distribution | Not detected | Not detected | Dimattia et al. [28] | 3UX1 |
AAVrh.39 (AAV10-like) | Cryo-EM 3.4 Å | 2020 | Muscle (AAV10) | Not tested | Not tested | Mietzsch et al. [29] | 6V1T | |
AAV11 | Cryo-EM 2.9 Å | 2021 | Unknown | Not tested | Not tested | Mietzsch et al. [20] | 7L6F | |
AAV12 | Cryo-EM 2.5 Å | 2021 | Nasal | Not tested | Not tested | Mietzsch et al. [20] | 7L6B | |
AAV13 | Cryo-EM 3.0 Å | 2021 | Not shown | Not tested | Not tested | Mietzsch et al. [20] | 7L6I | |
AAVDJ | Cryo-EM 4.5 Å | 2012 | Not shown | Not tested | Liver, kidney, cervix, retina, skin, lung | Lerch et al. [30] | 3J1Q | |
AAVDJ | Cryo-EM 1.6 Å | 2020 | Not shown | Not tested | Liver, kidney, cervix, retina, skin, lung | Xie et al. [31] | 7KFR |
Serotype | Resolution | Year | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
AAV2 | Cryo-EM 8.3 Å | 2009 | O’Donnell et al. [133] |
AAV3 | X-ray 6.5 Å | 2012 | Lerch et al. [157] |
AAV5 | X-ray 3.5 Å | 2015 | Afione et al. [158] |
AAV1 | X-ray 3.0 Å | 2016 | Huang et al. [159] |
AAVDJ | Cryo-EM 3.0 Å | 2017 | Xie et al. [160] |
Serotype | Resolution | Year | Reference | PDBid |
---|---|---|---|---|
AAV1 | Cryo-EM 3.3 Å | 2019 | Zhang et al. [189] | 6JCQ |
AAV2 | Cryo-EM 2.8 Å | 2019 | Zhang et al. [120] | 6IHB |
AAV2 | Cryo-EM 2.4 Å | 2019 | Meyer et al. [118] | 6NZO |
AAV5 | Cryo-EM 3.2 Å | 2019 | Zhang et al. [189] | 6JCS |
AAV5 | Cryo-EM 2.5 Å | 2020 | Silveria et al. [188] | 7KPN |
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Large, E.E.; Silveria, M.A.; Zane, G.M.; Weerakoon, O.; Chapman, M.S. Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Gene Delivery: Dissecting Molecular Interactions upon Cell Entry. Viruses 2021, 13, 1336. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071336
Large EE, Silveria MA, Zane GM, Weerakoon O, Chapman MS. Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Gene Delivery: Dissecting Molecular Interactions upon Cell Entry. Viruses. 2021; 13(7):1336. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071336
Chicago/Turabian StyleLarge, Edward E., Mark A. Silveria, Grant M. Zane, Onellah Weerakoon, and Michael S. Chapman. 2021. "Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Gene Delivery: Dissecting Molecular Interactions upon Cell Entry" Viruses 13, no. 7: 1336. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071336