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Volume 13
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10.3390/v13091726
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Communication

Glycoproteins of Predicted Amphibian and Reptile Lyssaviruses Can Mediate Infection of Mammalian and Reptile Cells

by
Martina Oberhuber
1,
Anika Schopf
1,
Alexandru Adrian Hennrich
1,
Rosalía Santos-Mandujano
1,
Anna Gesine Huhn
2,
Stefan Seitz
2,
Christiane Riedel
3 and
Karl-Klaus Conzelmann
1,*
1
Max von Pettenkofer-Institute Virology & Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
2
Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
3
Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Viruses 2021, 13(9), 1726; https://doi.org/10.3390/v13091726
Submission received: 30 July 2021 / Revised: 24 August 2021 / Accepted: 27 August 2021 / Published: 30 August 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lyssaviruses and Other Bat Rhabdoviruses)
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Abstract

Lyssaviruses are neurotropic rhabdoviruses thought to be restricted to mammalian hosts, and to originate from bats. The identification of lyssavirus sequences from amphibians and reptiles by metatranscriptomics thus comes as a surprise and challenges the mammalian origin of lyssaviruses. The novel sequences of the proposed American tree frog lyssavirus (ATFLV) and anole lizard lyssavirus (ALLV) reveal substantial phylogenetic distances from each other and from bat lyssaviruses, with ATFLV being the most distant. As virus isolation has not been successful yet, we have here studied the functionality of the authentic ATFLV- and ALLV-encoded glycoproteins in the context of rabies virus pseudotype particles. Cryogenic electron microscopy uncovered the incorporation of the plasmid-encoded G proteins in viral envelopes. Infection experiments revealed the infectivity of ATFLV and ALLV G-coated RABV pp for a broad spectrum of cell lines from humans, bats, and reptiles, demonstrating membrane fusion activities. As presumed, ATFLV and ALLV G RABV pp escaped neutralization by human rabies immune sera. The present findings support the existence of contagious lyssaviruses in poikilothermic animals, and reveal a broad cell tropism in vitro, similar to that of the rabies virus.
Keywords: rabies virus; zoonosis; emerging disease; anole lyssavirus; frog lyssavirus; host range; neurotropism; vaccine rabies virus; zoonosis; emerging disease; anole lyssavirus; frog lyssavirus; host range; neurotropism; vaccine

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MDPI and ACS Style

Oberhuber, M.; Schopf, A.; Hennrich, A.A.; Santos-Mandujano, R.; Huhn, A.G.; Seitz, S.; Riedel, C.; Conzelmann, K.-K. Glycoproteins of Predicted Amphibian and Reptile Lyssaviruses Can Mediate Infection of Mammalian and Reptile Cells. Viruses 2021, 13, 1726. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13091726

AMA Style

Oberhuber M, Schopf A, Hennrich AA, Santos-Mandujano R, Huhn AG, Seitz S, Riedel C, Conzelmann K-K. Glycoproteins of Predicted Amphibian and Reptile Lyssaviruses Can Mediate Infection of Mammalian and Reptile Cells. Viruses. 2021; 13(9):1726. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13091726

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oberhuber, Martina, Anika Schopf, Alexandru Adrian Hennrich, Rosalía Santos-Mandujano, Anna Gesine Huhn, Stefan Seitz, Christiane Riedel, and Karl-Klaus Conzelmann. 2021. "Glycoproteins of Predicted Amphibian and Reptile Lyssaviruses Can Mediate Infection of Mammalian and Reptile Cells" Viruses 13, no. 9: 1726. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13091726

APA Style

Oberhuber, M., Schopf, A., Hennrich, A. A., Santos-Mandujano, R., Huhn, A. G., Seitz, S., Riedel, C., & Conzelmann, K.-K. (2021). Glycoproteins of Predicted Amphibian and Reptile Lyssaviruses Can Mediate Infection of Mammalian and Reptile Cells. Viruses, 13(9), 1726. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13091726

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