Newcastle Disease Genotype VII Prevalence in Poultry and Wild Birds in Egypt
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and Sample Collection
2.1.1. Domestic Birds
2.1.2. Migratory and Non-Migratory Wild Birds
2.2. Sample Processing and Virus Isolation
2.3. RNA Extraction and Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)
2.4. Sequence-Independent Single Primer Amplification (SISPA)
2.5. Genome Sequencing
2.6. Whole Genome Sequencing Data Analysis
2.7. Phylogenetic Analysis
2.8. Pathogenicity Indices
3. Results
3.1. Clinical Signs and Post-Mortem Lesions
3.2. Virus Identification
3.3. Incidence of NDV Based on F Gene
3.4. Phylogenetics
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Breed | No. of Flocks | Age/Day | Type of Poultry Flock | Location |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chickens | Cobb | 25 | 23–45 | Broiler | Sharkia, Dakahlia, Sohag, Alexandria, Assuit, North and South Sinai |
Sasso | 3 | 40–310 | Broiler/Layer | Dakahlia, Sohag, Damietta | |
Avian 48 | 3 | 30–33 | Broiler | Suez, South Sinai | |
Hay-line | 2 | 200 | Layer | Dakahlia | |
Ross | 4 | 28–35 | Broiler | Alexandria, North Sinai | |
Indian river | 3 | 32–48 | Broiler | Suez, North Sinai | |
Bovanes | 5 | 210–252 | Layer | Sharkia, Alexandria | |
Hubbard | 2 | 27–29 | Broiler | Damietta, Port-Said | |
Lehman | 2 | 200–330 | Layer | South Sinai, Alexandria | |
Isapapcoack | 2 | 100 | Layer | Sharkia | |
Baladi | 9 | 20–40 | Native | Sharkia, Sohag, Assuit | |
Ducks | Muscovy | 17 | 25–360 | Broiler/Breeder | Dakahlia, Gharbia |
Mallard | 5 | 187–622 | Broiler/Breeder | Dakahlia, Gharbia | |
Pekin | 16 | 30–700 | Broiler | Sharkia, Dakahlia, Gharbia | |
Turkeys | Converter | 1 | 47 | Sharkia | |
Pelican | Pelecanus crispus | 2 | 4320–5400 | Cairo |
Species | Common Name | Number of Birds | Collection Date (Month/Year) | Location |
---|---|---|---|---|
Corvus cornix | Hooded crow | 8 | 4, 8, 10/2019 | Sharkia, Port-Said, Dakahlia |
Larus canus | Common gull | 1 | 3/2019 | Port-Said |
Numenius minutus | Little curlew | 1 | 3/2019 | Port-Said |
Coturnix ypsilophora | Brown quail | 3 | 4/2019 | North Sinai |
Streptopelia turtur | European turtle dove | 3 | 4, 10/2019 | Port-Said, Sharkia |
Nycticorax nycticorax | Black-crowned night heron | 2 | 10/2019 | Port-Said |
Gallinula chloropus | Common moorhen | 2 | 10/2019 | Port-Said |
Bubulcus ibis | Cattle egret | 8 | 8, 10/2019 | Port-Said, Ismailia, Dakahlia |
Anas platyrhynchos | Mallard duck | 1 | 7/2019 | North Sinai |
Ardenna pacifica | Wedge-tailed shearwater | 1 | 3/2019 | Port-Said |
Spatula clypeata | Northern Shoveler | 2 | 3/2019 | Port-Said |
Ardea cinerea | Grey heron | 2 | 3/2019 | Port-Said |
Porphyrio madagascariensis | Purple gallinule (African swamphen) | 2 | 3, 4/2019 | Port-Said |
Anthus rubescens | American pipit | 1 | 4/2019 | Port-Said |
Breeds | No. of Flocks | Detected Virus(es) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No of Positive NDV (%) | 95% CI | No of Positive AIV (%) | 95% CI | ||
Chickens | |||||
Cobb | 25 | 14 (56) | 34.9–75.6 | 4 (16) | 4.54–36.08 |
Sasso | 3 | 1 (33.3) | 0.84–90.57 | 0 | 0 |
Avian 48 | 3 | 3 (100) | 29.24–1.00 | 0 | 0 |
Hy-line | 2 | 2 (100) | 15.81–1.00 | 0 | 0 |
Ross | 4 | 3 (75) | 19.41–99.37 | 2 (50) | 6.76–93.24 |
Indian river | 3 | 3 (100) | 29.24–1.00 | 0 | 0 |
Bovans | 5 | 3 (60) | 14.66–94.73 | 1 (20) | 0.51–71.64 |
Hubbard | 2 | 2 (100) | 15.81–1.00 | 1 (50) | 1.26–98.74 |
Lohman | 2 | 2 (100) | 15.81–1.00 | 0 | 0 |
Isapapcoack | 2 | 2 (100) | 15.81–1.00 | 1 (50) | 1.26–98.74 |
Baladi | 9 | 4 (44.4) | 13.70–78.80 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 60 | 39 (65) | 51.60–76.87 | 9 (15) | 7.10–26.57 |
Ducks | |||||
Muscovy | 17 | 7 (41.2) | 18.44–67.08 | 3 (17.6) | 3.80–43.43 |
Mallard | 5 | 3 (60) | 14.66–94.73 | 0 | 0 |
Pekin | 16 | 8 (50) | 24.65–75.35 | 1 (6.3) | 0.16–30.23 |
Total | 38 | 18 (47.4) | 30.97–64.19 | 4 (10.5) | 2.94–24.80 |
Turkeys | |||||
Converter | 1 | 1 (100) | 2.50–1.00 | 0 | 0 |
Pelicans | |||||
Pelican crispus | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Species | Common Name | No. of Birds | Detected Virus(es) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of Positive NDV (%) | 95% CI | No. of Positive AIV (%) | 95% CI | |||
Corvus cornix | Hooded crow | 8 | 6 (75) | 34.91–96.61 | 1 (12.5) | 0.32–52.65 |
Larus canus | Common gull | 1 | 1 (100) | 2.50–1.00 | 0 | 0 |
Numenius minutus | Little curlew | 1 | 1(100) | 2.50–1.00 | 0 | 0 |
Coturnix ypsilophora | Brown quail | 3 | 2 (66.7) | 9.43–99.16 | 0 | 0 |
Streptopelia turtur | European turtle dove | 3 | 3 (100) | 29.24–1.00 | 1 (33.33) | 0.84–90.57 |
Nycticorax nycticorax | Black-crowned night heron | 2 | 1 (50) | 1.26–98.74 | 0 | 0 |
Gallinula chloropus | Common moorhen | 2 | 2 (100) | 15.81–1.00 | 0 | 0 |
Bubulcus ibis | Cattle egret | 8 | 5 (62.5) | 24.49–91.48 | 1 (12.5) | 0.32–52.65 |
Anas platyrhynchos | Mallard duck | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Ardenna pacifica | Wedge-tailed shearwater | 1 | 1 (100) | 2.50–1.00 | 1 (100) | 2.50–1.00 |
Spatula clypeata | Northern shoveler | 2 | 1 (50) | 1.26–98.74 | 1 (50) * | 1.26–98.74 |
Ardea cinerea | Grey heron | 2 | 1 (50) | 1.26–98.74 | 1 (50) * | 1.26–98.74 |
Porphyrio madagascariensis | Purple gallinule (African swamphen) | 2 | 2 (100) | 15.81–1.00 | 1 (50) | 1.26–98.74 |
Anthus rubescens | American pipit | 1 | 1 (100) | 2.50–1.00 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 37 | 27 (72.97) | 55.88–86.21 | 7 (18.9) | 7.96–35.16 |
Name of Isolates | Breed | Locality | Descriptive Data | Sequencing | Accession Number | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Date | Age/Days | Flock Density | Mortality Rate/ 3 Days | Clinical Finding | |||||
NDV/Chicken/Egypt/NOR/ZU-NM76/2019 | Ross (Domestic) | North Sinai | 03/2019 | 33 | 14,000 | 600 | Respiratory signs, greenish diarrhoea, septicaemia | Approx. 99% genome coverage (103 nucleotides gap), Full F gene | OP219678 |
NDV/Chicken/Egypt/ALEX/ZU-NM97/2019 | Ross (Domestic) | Alexandria | 05/2019 | 30 | 5000 | 62 | Respiratory signs, greenish diarrhoea, haemorrhages in caecal tonsils and proventriculus | Approx. 90% genome coverage, Full F gene | OP219679 |
NDV/Chicken/Egypt/ALEX/ZU-NM99/2019 | Ross (Domestic) | Alexandria | 05/2019 | 25 | 6000 | 85 | Respiratory signs, greenish diarrhoea, haemorrhages in caecal tonsils and proventriculus | Approx. 99% genome coverage (150 nucleotides gap), Full F gene | OP219680 |
NDV/Duck/Egypt/DAK/ZU-NM09/2019 | Mallard (Domestic) | Dakahlia | 03/2019 | 300 | 3300 | 185 | Nervous signs, greenish diarrhoea, congestion in parenchymatous organs | Approx. 99% genome coverage (153 nucleotides gap), Full F gene | OP219681 |
NDV/Black-crowned night heron/Egypt/POR/ZU-NM85/2019 | Migratory (Wild Bird) | Port-Said | 09/2019 | N/A | N/A | N/A | Apparently healthy without PM lesions | Approx. 90% genome coverage, Full F gene | OP219682 |
NDV/Duck/Egypt/DAK/ZU-NM54/2019 | Muscovy (Domestic) | Dakahlia | 03/2019 | 60 | 4000 | 113 | Greenish diarrhoea, septicaemia | Approx. 70% genome coverage (3918 nucleotide gap), Partial F gene | OP219683 |
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Eid, A.A.M.; Hussein, A.; Hassanin, O.; Elbakrey, R.M.; Daines, R.; Sadeyen, J.-R.; Abdien, H.M.F.; Chrzastek, K.; Iqbal, M. Newcastle Disease Genotype VII Prevalence in Poultry and Wild Birds in Egypt. Viruses 2022, 14, 2244. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14102244
Eid AAM, Hussein A, Hassanin O, Elbakrey RM, Daines R, Sadeyen J-R, Abdien HMF, Chrzastek K, Iqbal M. Newcastle Disease Genotype VII Prevalence in Poultry and Wild Birds in Egypt. Viruses. 2022; 14(10):2244. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14102244
Chicago/Turabian StyleEid, Amal A. M., Ashraf Hussein, Ola Hassanin, Reham M. Elbakrey, Rebecca Daines, Jean-Remy Sadeyen, Hanan M. F. Abdien, Klaudia Chrzastek, and Munir Iqbal. 2022. "Newcastle Disease Genotype VII Prevalence in Poultry and Wild Birds in Egypt" Viruses 14, no. 10: 2244. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14102244