Severity of COVID-19 among Hospitalized Patients: Omicron Remains a Severe Threat for Immunocompromised Hosts
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Patient Demographics
3.2. Hospitalized Adults Infected with Omicron Showed a Reduced Intrinsic COVID-19 Severity Compared to Those Infected with Delta
3.3. Immunocompromised Adults HOSPITALIZED with Omicron Infections Had an Increased Risk of Severe COVID-19 Outcomes
3.4. Neither Vaccination Status Nor Immune Status Determine Total Hospital Length-of-Stay in Omicron-Infected Adults
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Crude OR | 95% CI | p value | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outcome 1—disease severity: odds of moderate/severe/critical/fatal COVID-19 (n = 449/1071, 41.9%) | ||||||
Omicron 1 | 0.17 | 0.11–0.26 | <0.001 | 0.14 | 0.09–0.22 | <0.001 |
Age at admission 2 | 1.01 | 1.01–1.02 | <0.001 | 1.02 | 1.01–1.03 | <0.001 |
Male 3 | 2.07 | 1.60–2.67 | <0.001 | 1.92 | 1.47–2.53 | <0.001 |
Immunocompromised 4 | 2.12 | 1.57–2.88 | <0.001 | 2.06 | 1.48–2.86 | <0.001 |
Unvaccinated 5 | 1.54 | 1.09–2.16 | 0.01 | - | - | - |
Vaccinated <2 months before admission 6 | 0.55 | 0.38–0.78 | 0.001 | - | - | - |
Boosted 7 | 0.82 | 0.64–1.07 | 0.14 | - | - | - |
Viral vector vaccination 8 | 1.35 | 0.99–1.85 | 0.06 | - | - | - |
Outcome 2—ICU admission: admission or transferred to ICU due to COVID-19 (n = 112/1071, 10.5%) | ||||||
Omicron 1 | 0.22 | 0.14–0.34 | <0.001 | 0.26 | 0.17–0.40 | <0.001 |
Age at admission 2 | 0.99 | 0.98–1.00 | 0.01 | 0.99 | 0.98–1.00 | 0.02 |
Male 3 | 1.97 | 1.32–2.98 | 0.001 | 1.99 | 1.31–3.05 | 0.001 |
Immunocompromised 4 | 2.59 | 1.68–3.89 | <0.01 | 2.34 | 1.50–3.56 | <0.001 |
Unvaccinated 5 | 1.80 | 1.10–2.87 | 0.02 | - | - | - |
Vaccinated <2 months before admission 6 | 0.75 | 0.38–1.36 | 0.36 | - | - | - |
Outcome 3—mortality: odds of in-hospital mortality related to COVID-19 (n = 89/1071, 8.3%) | ||||||
Omicron 1 | 0.30 | 0.19–0.48 | <0.001 | 0.24 | 0.14–0.40 | <0.001 |
Age at admission 2 | 1.03 | 1.02–1.04 | <0.001 | 1.05 | 1.03–1.07 | <0.001 |
Male 3 | 2.02 | 1.30–3.20 | 0.002 | 1.85 | 1.16–2.99 | 0.01 |
Immunocompromised 4 | 2.80 | 1.75–4.47 | <0.001 | 3.02 | 1.82–5.05 | <0.001 |
Unvaccinated 5 | 1.15 | 0.56–2.19 | 0.68 | - | - | - |
Vaccinated <2 months before admission 6 | 0.51 | 0.15–1.34 | 0.22 | - | - | - |
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Nevejan, L.; Ombelet, S.; Laenen, L.; Keyaerts, E.; Demuyser, T.; Seyler, L.; Soetens, O.; Van Nedervelde, E.; Naesens, R.; Geysels, D.; et al. Severity of COVID-19 among Hospitalized Patients: Omicron Remains a Severe Threat for Immunocompromised Hosts. Viruses 2022, 14, 2736. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14122736
Nevejan L, Ombelet S, Laenen L, Keyaerts E, Demuyser T, Seyler L, Soetens O, Van Nedervelde E, Naesens R, Geysels D, et al. Severity of COVID-19 among Hospitalized Patients: Omicron Remains a Severe Threat for Immunocompromised Hosts. Viruses. 2022; 14(12):2736. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14122736
Chicago/Turabian StyleNevejan, Louis, Sien Ombelet, Lies Laenen, Els Keyaerts, Thomas Demuyser, Lucie Seyler, Oriane Soetens, Els Van Nedervelde, Reinout Naesens, Dieter Geysels, and et al. 2022. "Severity of COVID-19 among Hospitalized Patients: Omicron Remains a Severe Threat for Immunocompromised Hosts" Viruses 14, no. 12: 2736. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14122736