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10.3390/v15071447
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Article

Identification of the Tembusu Virus in Mosquitoes in Northern Thailand

by
Rodolphe Hamel
1,2,3,*,†,
Ronald Enrique Morales Vargas
4,5,†,
Dora Murielle Rajonhson
4,
Atsushi Yamanaka
6,
Jiraporn Jaroenpool
7,8,
Sineewanlaya Wichit
2,3,
Dorothée Missé
1,
Anamika Kritiyakan
9,
Kittipong Chaisiri
10,
Serge Morand
1,9,‡ and
Julien Pompon
1,‡
1
MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34394 Montpellier, France
2
Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
3
Viral Vector Joint Unit, Join Laboratory, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
4
Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
5
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
6
Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
7
Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
8
Excellent Center for Dengue and Community Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
9
Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
10
Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
‡
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Viruses 2023, 15(7), 1447; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15071447
Submission received: 26 May 2023 / Revised: 20 June 2023 / Accepted: 23 June 2023 / Published: 27 June 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Zoonoses: Interactions and Factors Driving Virus Transmission)
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Abstract

Among emerging zoonotic pathogens, mosquito-borne viruses (MBVs) circulate between vertebrate animals and mosquitoes and represent a serious threat to humans via spillover from enzootic cycles to the human community. Active surveillance of MBVs in their vectors is therefore essential to better understand and prevent spillover and emergence, especially at the human–animal interface. In this study, we assessed the presence of MBVs using molecular and phylogenetic methods in mosquitoes collected along an ecological gradient ranging from rural urbanized areas to highland forest areas in northern Thailand. We have detected the presence of insect specific flaviviruses in our samples, and the presence of the emerging zoonotic Tembusu virus (TMUV). Reported for the first time in 1955 in Malaysia, TMUV remained for a long time in the shadow of other flaviviruses such as dengue virus or the Japanese encephalitis virus. In this study, we identified two new TMUV strains belonging to cluster 3, which seems to be endemic in rural areas of Thailand and highlighted the genetic specificities of this Thai cluster. Our results show the active circulation of this emerging flavivirus in Thailand and the need for continuous investigation on this poorly known but threatening virus in Asia.
Keywords: mosquito-borne viruses; Tembusu virus; Culex mosquito; emergent arboviruses mosquito-borne viruses; Tembusu virus; Culex mosquito; emergent arboviruses

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hamel, R.; Vargas, R.E.M.; Rajonhson, D.M.; Yamanaka, A.; Jaroenpool, J.; Wichit, S.; Missé, D.; Kritiyakan, A.; Chaisiri, K.; Morand, S.; et al. Identification of the Tembusu Virus in Mosquitoes in Northern Thailand. Viruses 2023, 15, 1447. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15071447

AMA Style

Hamel R, Vargas REM, Rajonhson DM, Yamanaka A, Jaroenpool J, Wichit S, Missé D, Kritiyakan A, Chaisiri K, Morand S, et al. Identification of the Tembusu Virus in Mosquitoes in Northern Thailand. Viruses. 2023; 15(7):1447. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15071447

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hamel, Rodolphe, Ronald Enrique Morales Vargas, Dora Murielle Rajonhson, Atsushi Yamanaka, Jiraporn Jaroenpool, Sineewanlaya Wichit, Dorothée Missé, Anamika Kritiyakan, Kittipong Chaisiri, Serge Morand, and et al. 2023. "Identification of the Tembusu Virus in Mosquitoes in Northern Thailand" Viruses 15, no. 7: 1447. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15071447

APA Style

Hamel, R., Vargas, R. E. M., Rajonhson, D. M., Yamanaka, A., Jaroenpool, J., Wichit, S., Missé, D., Kritiyakan, A., Chaisiri, K., Morand, S., & Pompon, J. (2023). Identification of the Tembusu Virus in Mosquitoes in Northern Thailand. Viruses, 15(7), 1447. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15071447

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