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Description of Sheep Pox Outbreak in Spain in 2022–2023: Challenges Found and Lessons Learnt in Relation with Control and Eradication of This Disease

by
Cáceres G. Germán
1,*,
Romero G. Luis
1,
Bonilla G. Sergio
1,
Guerrero C. Fatima
1,
Fernandez M. Manuel
2,
Capilla G. Jaime
3 and
Tejero C. Jesús
3
1
General Subdirectorate of Animal Health, Hygiene and Traceability, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAPA), 28010 Madrid, Spain
2
Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca, Agua y Desarrollo Rural de la Junta de Andalucía, 41071 Sevilla, Spain
3
Consejería de Agricultura, Ganadería y Desarrollo Rural de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Viruses 2024, 16(7), 1164; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16071164
Submission received: 20 May 2024 / Revised: 2 July 2024 / Accepted: 11 July 2024 / Published: 19 July 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Capripox Viruses: A Continuing Transboundary Threat to Animal Health)

Abstract

Sheep pox and goat pox are infectious viral diseases that affect ovine and caprine animals and are caused by two viruses of the family Poxviridae, genus Capripoxvirus. Sheep pox has been traditionally endemic in Africa, the Middle East, and several Southeast Asian countries, but it is considered a transboundary disease capable of affecting previously free countries epidemically. It is a disease of compulsory immediate notification to the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) and the European Union (EU). On 19 September 2022, the disease reemerged in Spain, which had been free of it since 1968, causing a total of 30 outbreaks until 17 May 2023, when the last outbreak of the disease was reported. The control and eradication measures implemented were those laid down in EU legislation, based on the total stamping out of positive herds, zoning and restriction of movement, and strengthening of biosecurity and passive surveillance. This manuscript describes the outbreak, as well as assesses the challenges and lessons learned in relation to its management, with the aim of helping in the effective management of future outbreaks of this disease.
Keywords: Spain; sheep pox virus; outbreak description; control; eradication Spain; sheep pox virus; outbreak description; control; eradication

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MDPI and ACS Style

Germán, C.G.; Luis, R.G.; Sergio, B.G.; Fatima, G.C.; Manuel, F.M.; Jaime, C.G.; Jesús, T.C. Description of Sheep Pox Outbreak in Spain in 2022–2023: Challenges Found and Lessons Learnt in Relation with Control and Eradication of This Disease. Viruses 2024, 16, 1164. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16071164

AMA Style

Germán CG, Luis RG, Sergio BG, Fatima GC, Manuel FM, Jaime CG, Jesús TC. Description of Sheep Pox Outbreak in Spain in 2022–2023: Challenges Found and Lessons Learnt in Relation with Control and Eradication of This Disease. Viruses. 2024; 16(7):1164. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16071164

Chicago/Turabian Style

Germán, Cáceres G., Romero G. Luis, Bonilla G. Sergio, Guerrero C. Fatima, Fernandez M. Manuel, Capilla G. Jaime, and Tejero C. Jesús. 2024. "Description of Sheep Pox Outbreak in Spain in 2022–2023: Challenges Found and Lessons Learnt in Relation with Control and Eradication of This Disease" Viruses 16, no. 7: 1164. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16071164

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