Immunogenicity of an Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine in People Living with HIV in Guangxi, China: A Prospective Cohort Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Ethics Statement
2.2. Study Subjects
2.3. Vaccine Information
2.4. Information Collection
2.5. Sample Collection
2.6. Plasma Separation
2.7. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG Antibody Detection
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Subject Characteristics
3.2. The Conversion Rate of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG Antibodies after Vaccination Is Not Associated with Different Characteristics in PLWH
3.3. The Administration of a Booster Dose or Infection with COVID-19 after Vaccination Can Quickly Boost Antibody Titers in PLWH
3.4. The Antibody Levels in PLWH after Vaccination or COVID-19 Infection Are Not Influenced by Various Characteristics
3.5. PLWH Can Produce Antibody Levels Similar to Those of HIV-Seronegative Individuals after a Booster Vaccine and Following Infection
3.6. PLWH with COVID-19 Infection Exhibit That Are Comparable to or Milder than Those in HIV-Seronegative Individuals
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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PLWH (n = 20) | Controls (n = 15) | P# | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | 0.041 | ||
Male | 13 (65.0) | 4 (26.7) | |
Female | 7 (35.0) | 11 (73.3) | |
Age (years) | 0.046 | ||
<40 | 9 (45.0) | 12 (80.0) | |
40~59 | 11 (55.0) | 3 (20.0) | |
Ethnicity | 0.129 | ||
Han | 17 (85.0) | 9 (60.0) | |
Zhuang | 3 (15.0) | 6 (40.0) | |
Occupation | <0.001 | ||
Farmer | 8 (40.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Worker | 4 (20.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Others | 8 (40.0) | 15 (100.0) | |
Marital Status | 0.598 | ||
Married | 12 (60.0) | 8 (53.3) | |
Single | 7 (35.0) | 7 (46.7) | |
Divorce or Widowhood | 1 (5.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Educational Level | <0.001 | ||
Senior Secondary and above | 2 (10.0) | 15 (100.0) | |
Junior Secondary | 11 (55.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Primary school and below | 7 (35.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
BMI | 0.038 | ||
18.5~24.0 | 9 (45.0) | 13 (86.7) | |
>24.0 | 9 (45.0) | 2 (13.3) | |
Unknown | 2 (10.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Route of Infection | - | ||
Heterosexual trans | 17 (85.0) | / | |
Homosexual trans | 1 (5.0) | / | |
Unknown | 2 (10.0) | / | |
CD4+ T-cell count (cells/µL) | - | ||
≥500 | 7 (35.0) | / | |
350–499 | 9 (45.0) | / | |
200–349 | 2 (10.0) | / | |
100–199 | 2 (10.0) | / | |
ART Regimen | - | ||
NRTIs + NNRTIs | 15 (75.0) | / | |
NRTIs + PIs | 5 (25.0) | / | |
Duration of Treatment (years) | - | ||
<5 | 11 (55.0) | / | |
5~10 | 4 (20.0) | / | |
>10 | 5 (25.0) | / |
IgG-Positive (n = 17) | IgG-Negative (n = 3) | P# | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | 1.000 | ||
Male | 11 (64.7) | 2 (66.7) | |
Female | 6 (35.3) | 1 (33.3) | |
Age (years) | 0.566 | ||
<40 | 7 (41.2) | 2 (66.7) | |
40–59 | 10 (58.8) | 1 (33.3) | |
Ethnicity | 0.404 | ||
Han | 15 (88.2) | 2 (66.7) | |
Zhuang | 2 (11.8) | 1 (33.3) | |
Occupation | 0.838 | ||
Farmer | 7 (41.2) | 1 (33.3) | |
Worker | 3 (17.6) | 1 (33.3) | |
Other | 7 (41.2) | 1 (33.4) | |
BMI | 1.000 | ||
18.5–24.0 | 8 (53.3) | 1 (33.3) | |
>24.0 | 7 (46.7) | 2 (66.7) | |
Infection Route | 0.101 | ||
Heterosexual trans | 15 (88.2) | 2 (66.7) | |
Homosexual trans | 0 (0.0) | 1 (33.3) | |
Unknown | 2 (11.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
CD4+ T-cell count (cells/μL) | 0.579 | ||
≥500 | 6 (35.3) | 1 (33.3) | |
350–499 | 8 (47.0) | 1 (33.3) | |
200–349 | 1 (5.9) | 1 (33.3) | |
100–199 | 2 (11.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
ART Regimen | 1.000 | ||
NRTIs+NNRTIs | 13 (76.5) | 2 (66.7) | |
NRTIs+PIs | 4 (23.5) | 1 (33.3) | |
Duration of Treatment (years) | 0.176 | ||
<5 | 10 (58.8) | 1 (33.3) | |
5~10 | 4 (23.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
>10 | 3 (17.6) | 2 (66.7) |
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Wu, Y.; Wang, X.; Huang, Y.; Chen, R.; Xu, Y.; Wei, W.; Qin, F.; Yuan, Z.; Su, J.; Chen, X.; et al. Immunogenicity of an Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine in People Living with HIV in Guangxi, China: A Prospective Cohort Study. Viruses 2024, 16, 1481. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16091481
Wu Y, Wang X, Huang Y, Chen R, Xu Y, Wei W, Qin F, Yuan Z, Su J, Chen X, et al. Immunogenicity of an Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine in People Living with HIV in Guangxi, China: A Prospective Cohort Study. Viruses. 2024; 16(9):1481. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16091481
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Yuting, Xinwei Wang, Yunxuan Huang, Rongfeng Chen, Yuexiang Xu, Wudi Wei, Fengxiang Qin, Zongxiang Yuan, Jinming Su, Xiu Chen, and et al. 2024. "Immunogenicity of an Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine in People Living with HIV in Guangxi, China: A Prospective Cohort Study" Viruses 16, no. 9: 1481. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16091481