Phosphate Limitation Increases Content of Protease Inhibitors in the Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Growth Performance of M. aeruginosa under Different PO43− Conditions
2.2. Stoichiometry of M. aeruginosa Under Different PO43− Conditions
2.3. Inhibitor Content of M. aeruginosa Under Different PO43− Conditions
2.4. Inhibitor Content As a Function of Growth Rate and Stoichiometry
3. Discussion
4. Material and Methods
4.1. Culturing Conditions
4.2. Determination of POC, PON, and Ppart
4.3. Extraction and Quantification of PIs
4.4. Modeling and Statistical Analyses
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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PO43− [µM] | N0 [104 Cells mL−1] | K [104 Cells mL−1] | µmax [d−1] | R2 Fits 1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
5 | 24.7 ± 3.3 | 1022 ± 63 A | 0.34 ± 0.03 AB | 0.82 |
10 | 14.8 ± 4.5 | 1272 ± 172 A | 0.33 ± 0.02 AB | 0.87 |
15 | 18.2 ± 18.7 | 4718 ± 362 C | 0.45 ± 0.09 A | 0.96 |
20 | 7.28 ± 7.24 | 4284 ± 247 BC | 0.44 ± 0.06 A | 0.97 |
30 | 51.7 ± 14.8 | 4328 ± 381 BC | 0.27 ± 0.04 B | 0.94 |
40 | 62.9 ± 32.6 | 3729 ± 516 B | 0.25 ± 0.04 B | 0.92 |
50 | 7.9 ± 6.5 | 4129 ± 484 BC | 0.43 ± 0.1 A | 0.93 |
75 | 23.9 ± 19.9 | 4312 ± 239 BC | 0.33 ± 0.06 AB | 0.94 |
PO43 [µM] | N0 [µg C mL−1] | K [µg C mL−1] | µmax [d−1] | R2 Fits 1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
5 | 5.02 ± 1.17 | 93.1 ± 3.6 A | 0.24 ± 0.03 A | 0.98 |
10 | 1.17 ± 0.13 | 106.2 ± 4.6 AB | 0.32 ± 0.004 AB | 0.98 |
15 | 2.92 ± 1.62 | 272.9 ± 9.2 CD | 0.41 ± 0.04 BCD | 0.99 |
20 | 0.32 ± 0.18 | 230.8 ± 5.5 BC | 0.5 ± 0.03 D | 0.99 |
30 | 1.07 ± 0.84 | 345.1 ± 20.4 E | 0.49 ± 0.05 D | 0.92 |
40 | 3.82 ± 2.33 | 415 ± 67.3 F | 0.37 ± 0.07 BC | 0.97 |
50 | 0.03 ± 0.008 | 327.5 ± 6.8 DE | 0.67 ± 0.02 E | 0.99 |
75 | 0.5 ± 0.28 | 473.4 ± 9.6 F | 0.45 ± 0.04 CD | 0.99 |
Mean Sq | NumDF | DenDF | F Value | p-Value 1 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ppart | ||||||
Treatment | 1.18 × 10−7 | 7 | 261.25 | 0.6286 | 0.7321 | |
Day | 5.27 × 10−5 | 1 | 260.22 | 280.27 | <2 × 10−16 | *** |
Treatment x Day | 3.53 × 10−6 | 7 | 260.22 | 18.74 | <2 × 10−16 | *** |
C:N-ratio | ||||||
Treatment | 138.742 | 7 | 197.87 | 67.057 | <2.2 × 10−16 | *** |
Day | 250.839 | 9 | 197.07 | 121.265 | <2.2 × 10−16 | *** |
Treatment x Day | 26.879 | 63 | 197.07 | 12.994 | <2.2 × 10−16 | *** |
C:P-ratio | ||||||
Treatment | 614,724 | 7 | 197.02 | 54.6476 | <2.2 × 10−16 | *** |
Day | 1,364,784 | 9 | 197.22 | 121.3772 | <2.2 × 10−16 | *** |
Treatment x Day | 32,240 | 63 | 197.22 | 2.8673 | 1.323 × 10−08 | *** |
N:P-ratio | ||||||
Treatment | 12,892.4 | 7 | 197.97 | 110.690 | <2.2 × 10−16 | *** |
Day | 8209.8 | 9 | 197.06 | 70.502 | <2.2 × 10−16 | *** |
Treatment x Day | 724.3 | 63 | 197.06 | 6.220 | <2.2 × 10−16 | *** |
Mean Sq | NumDF | DenDF | F Value | p-Value 1 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BN920 | ||||||
Treatment | 71.715 | 7 | 197.36 | 18.2154 | <2.2 × 10−16 | *** |
Day | 172.494 | 9 | 197.14 | 43.8287 | <2.2 × 10−16 | *** |
Treatment x Day | 14.333 | 63 | 197.14 | 3.6419 | 2.744 × 10−12 | *** |
CP954 | ||||||
Treatment | 4408.5 | 7 | 197.47 | 53.8364 | <2.2 × 10−16 | *** |
Day | 2508.0 | 9 | 197.12 | 30.6383 | <2.2 × 10−16 | *** |
Treatment x Day | 342.5 | 63 | 197.12 | 4.1837 | 8.755 × 10−15 | *** |
Euation | Rp | R2 | AIC | p-Value 1 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BN920 | ||||||
- | ln y = 1.576 | 497.1 | - | |||
µmax | ln y = 1.072 + 0.9555 | 0.37 | 0.13 | 493.1 | 1.00 × 10−6 | *** |
µmax | ln y = 0.9178 + 2.578 − 2.28 x | 0.14 | 485.3 | 3.6 × 10−4 | ** | |
C:N ratio | ln y = 3.098 − 0.7396 ln x | −0.43 | 0.18 | 442.3 | 1.20 × 10−14 | *** |
C:N ratio | ln y = 6.426 − 3.612 ln x + 0.6036 (ln x)2 | 0.21 | 439.7 | 0.018 | * | |
C:P ratio | ln y = 2.916 − 0.2622 ln x | −0.38 | 0.14 | 449.0 | 2.00 × 10−13 | *** |
C:P ratio | ln y = 3.179 − 0.3684 ln x + 0.01027 (ln x)2 | 0.14 | 456.3 | 0.7 | ||
N:P ratio | ln y = 2.301 − 0.2586 ln x | −0.24 | 0.05 | 473.6 | 4.60 × 10−8 | *** |
N:P ratio | ln y = 2.838 − 0.6473 ln x + 0.06414 (ln x)2 | 0.09 | 477.5 | 0.081 | ||
CP954 | ||||||
- | ln y = 2.768 | 549.1 | - | |||
µmax | ln y = 2.989 − 0.03925 | −0.07 | 0.002 | 597.5 | 0.83 | |
µmax | ln y = 2.591 + 4.081 − 5.75 x | 0.11 | 557.9 | 2.40 × 10−10 | *** | |
C:N ratio | ln y = 2.602 + 0.1626 ln x | −0.009 | −0.01 | 565.0 | 0.16 | |
C:N ratio | ln y = −7.357 + 8.758 ln x − 1.807 (ln x)2 | 0.10 | 533.8 | 5.60 × 10−9 | *** | |
C:P ratio | ln y = 1.736 + 0.2134 ln x | 0.37 | 0.13 | 533.5 | 1.50 × 10−7 | *** |
C:P ratio | ln y = −1.478 + 1.515 ln x − 0.126 (ln x)2 | 0.14 | 524.6 | 6.10 × 10−5 | *** | |
N:P ratio | ln y = 1.896 + 0.3076 ln x | 0.42 | 0.18 | 519.5 | 1.70 × 10−9 | *** |
N:P ratio | ln y = 1.135 + 0.8565 ln x − 0.09022 (ln x)2 | 0.17 | 521.1 | 0.026 | * |
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Burberg, C.; Petzoldt, T.; von Elert, E. Phosphate Limitation Increases Content of Protease Inhibitors in the Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. Toxins 2020, 12, 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12010033
Burberg C, Petzoldt T, von Elert E. Phosphate Limitation Increases Content of Protease Inhibitors in the Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. Toxins. 2020; 12(1):33. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12010033
Chicago/Turabian StyleBurberg, Christian, Thomas Petzoldt, and Eric von Elert. 2020. "Phosphate Limitation Increases Content of Protease Inhibitors in the Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa" Toxins 12, no. 1: 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12010033