Activation of the IRE1α Arm, but not the PERK Arm, of the Unfolded Protein Response Contributes to Fumonisin B1-Induced Hepatotoxicity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Activation of IRE1α but not the PERK Axis of ER Stress Response Contributes to FB1-Induced ER Stress-Mediated Hepatocyte Toxicity
2.2. IRE1α-Mediated Activation of Mitochondrial Pathway Plays an Important Role in Apoptosis Induction by FB1 in Liver Cells
2.3. A Positive Feedback Loop Exists between ER Stress Activation and ROS Generation Induced by FB1
2.4. Inhibition of ER Stress by TUDCA Leads to a Significant Reduction of FB1-Induced Liver Injury In Vivo
2.5. Inhibition of ER Stress by TUDCA Inhibits FB1-Induced Hepatic Apoptosis and Autophagy In Vivo
2.6. Glycyrol Prevents FB1-Induced Apoptosis in AML12 Cells Through Inactivating IRE1α
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
5. Materials and Methods
5.1. Chemicals and Reagents
5.2. Cell Culture and Treatments
5.3. Apoptosis Evaluation
5.4. Proliferation Assay
5.5. Western Blotting
5.6. Assessment of Reactive Oxygen Species
5.7. RNA Interference
5.8. Animals and Treatments
5.9. ALT Measurement
5.10. Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Staining
5.11. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Liu, X.; Zhang, E.; Yin, S.; Zhao, C.; Fan, L.; Hu, H. Activation of the IRE1α Arm, but not the PERK Arm, of the Unfolded Protein Response Contributes to Fumonisin B1-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Toxins 2020, 12, 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12010055
Liu X, Zhang E, Yin S, Zhao C, Fan L, Hu H. Activation of the IRE1α Arm, but not the PERK Arm, of the Unfolded Protein Response Contributes to Fumonisin B1-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Toxins. 2020; 12(1):55. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12010055
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Xiaoyi, Enxiang Zhang, Shutao Yin, Chong Zhao, Lihong Fan, and Hongbo Hu. 2020. "Activation of the IRE1α Arm, but not the PERK Arm, of the Unfolded Protein Response Contributes to Fumonisin B1-Induced Hepatotoxicity" Toxins 12, no. 1: 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12010055
APA StyleLiu, X., Zhang, E., Yin, S., Zhao, C., Fan, L., & Hu, H. (2020). Activation of the IRE1α Arm, but not the PERK Arm, of the Unfolded Protein Response Contributes to Fumonisin B1-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Toxins, 12(1), 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12010055