Internalization of Clostridium botulinum C2 Toxin Is Regulated by Cathepsin B Released from Lysosomes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. C2 Toxin-Induced Lysosomal Exocytosis
2.2. Lysosomal Proteases Are Needed for Internalization of C2 Toxin
2.3. Effects of Cathepsin siRNAs on C2-Toxin-Induced Cytotoxicity
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
5. Materials and Methods
5.1. Materials
5.2. Cell Cultures and Cytotoxicity Assays
5.3. β-hexosaminidase Assays
5.4. Determination of Acidic Sphingomyelinase Activities
5.5. Small Interfering RNA Silencing and Western Blots
5.6. Immunofluorescence Analysis
5.7. Statistical Analyses
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Nagahama, M.; Kobayashi, K.; Ochi, S.; Takehara, M. Internalization of Clostridium botulinum C2 Toxin Is Regulated by Cathepsin B Released from Lysosomes. Toxins 2021, 13, 272. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13040272
Nagahama M, Kobayashi K, Ochi S, Takehara M. Internalization of Clostridium botulinum C2 Toxin Is Regulated by Cathepsin B Released from Lysosomes. Toxins. 2021; 13(4):272. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13040272
Chicago/Turabian StyleNagahama, Masahiro, Keiko Kobayashi, Sadayuki Ochi, and Masaya Takehara. 2021. "Internalization of Clostridium botulinum C2 Toxin Is Regulated by Cathepsin B Released from Lysosomes" Toxins 13, no. 4: 272. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13040272