Screening of Pig-Derived Zearalenone-Degrading Bacteria through the Zearalenone Challenge Model, and Their Degradation Characteristics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Isolation of ZEN-Degrading Bacteria
2.2. Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Characterization, and Phylogenetic Analysis
2.3. Growth Curves of ZEN-Degrading Strains
2.4. Effect of the Culture Conditions on the Degradation of ZEN
2.5. Determination of the Degradation Ability of Strain Components in ZEN
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
5. Materials and Methods
5.1. Chemicals and Medium
5.2. ZEN-Challenged Pig Model
5.3. Isolation of the ZEN-Degrading Bacteria
5.4. Screening for ZEN-Degrading Bacteria
5.5. Morphological, Physiological, and Biochemical Characterization
5.6. Phylogenetic Analysis
5.7. Effect of the Culture Conditions on the Degradation of ZEN
5.8. Determination of the Degradation Ability of the Strain Components in ZEN
5.9. Data Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | SY-3 | SY-14 | SY-20 |
---|---|---|---|
Oxidase test | − | + | + |
Catalase test | + | + | + |
Glucose | + | + | + |
Fructose | + | + | + |
Galactose | + | − | − |
Cellobiose | − | + | + |
Mannose | − | + | + |
Inulin | + | + | + |
Saccharose | − | + | + |
Lactose | − | + | + |
Maltose | − | + | + |
Mannitol | − | + | + |
Methyl red test | − | + | + |
Voges-Proskauer | − | + | + |
Amylase | − | + | + |
Indole | + | − | − |
Ingredients | Content (%) | Nutritional Level | |
---|---|---|---|
Corn | 60.60 | Digestible energy (MJ/kg) | 14.71 |
Full-fat expanded soybean | 10.00 | Crude protein (%) | 19.47 |
Peeled soybean meal | 15.00 | Lysine (%) | 1.41 |
Soybean protein concentrate | 3.00 | Calcium (%) | 0.71 |
Fish meal | 4.00 | Total phosphorus (%) | 0.60 |
Whole milk powder | 2.00 | Available phosphorus (%) | 0.36 |
Soybean oil | 2.00 | ||
Lysine (79.8%) | 0.24 | ||
Methionine (98%) | 0.04 | ||
Threonine (98%) | 0.08 | ||
Calcium hydrogen phosphate | 0.65 | ||
Limestone | 0.79 | ||
Salt | 0.40 | ||
Choline chloride (30%) | 0.20 | ||
Premix 1 | 1.00 |
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Yang, X.; Li, F.; Ning, H.; Zhang, W.; Niu, D.; Shi, Z.; Chai, S.; Shan, A. Screening of Pig-Derived Zearalenone-Degrading Bacteria through the Zearalenone Challenge Model, and Their Degradation Characteristics. Toxins 2022, 14, 224. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14030224
Yang X, Li F, Ning H, Zhang W, Niu D, Shi Z, Chai S, Shan A. Screening of Pig-Derived Zearalenone-Degrading Bacteria through the Zearalenone Challenge Model, and Their Degradation Characteristics. Toxins. 2022; 14(3):224. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14030224
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Xue, Feng Li, Hangyi Ning, Wei Zhang, Dongyan Niu, Zhuo Shi, Sa Chai, and Anshan Shan. 2022. "Screening of Pig-Derived Zearalenone-Degrading Bacteria through the Zearalenone Challenge Model, and Their Degradation Characteristics" Toxins 14, no. 3: 224. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14030224