Field Evaluation of Cotton Expressing Mpp51Aa2 as a Management Tool for Cotton Fleahoppers, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Cotton Fleahopper Populations
2.2. Square Retention
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
5. Materials and Methods
5.1. In-Season Data Collection
5.2. Statistical Analyses
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | First Week of Squaring | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Small nymphs | Large nymphs | Adults | Total | |
Non-traited Treated | 52.00 ± 13.56 | 24.00 ± 7.48 | 24.00 ± 11.66 | 100.00 ± 20.98 |
Non-traited Untreated | 40.00 ± 6.32 | 12.00 ± 4.90 | 40.00 ± 8.94 | 92.00 ± 17.44 |
ThryvOn Treated | 44.00 ± 7.48 | 12.00 ± 8.00 | 24.00 ± 14.70 | 80.00 ± 14.14 |
ThryvOn Untreated | 36.00 ± 11.66 | 8.00 ± 4.90 | 16.00 ± 7.48 | 60.00 ± 17.89 |
Trait p value | 0.565 | 0.235 | 0.293 | 0.163 |
Insecticide p value | 0.341 | 0.235 | 0.722 | 0.443 |
Trait * Insecticide p value | 0.857 | 0.546 | 0.293 | 0.740 |
Second week of squaring | ||||
Small nymphs ** | Large nymphs ** | Adults | Total ** | |
Non-traited Treated | 4.00 ± 4.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 36.00 ± 11.66 | 40.00 ± 0.00 |
Non-traited Untreated | 16.00 ± 7.48 | 32.00 ± 13.56 | 52.00 ± 18.55 | 100.00 ± 13.56 |
ThryvOn Treated | 12.00 ± 4.90 | 4.00 ± 4.00 | 16.00 ± 7.48 | 32.00 ± 4.00 |
ThryvOn Untreated | 28.00 ± 8.00 | 12.00 ± 8.00 | 48.00 ± 14.97 | 88.00 ± 8.00 |
Trait p value | 0.133 | 0.339 | 0.397 | 0.611 |
Insecticide p value | 0.042 | 0.026 | 0.101 | 0.008 |
Trait * Insecticide p value | 0.756 | 0.159 | 0.570 | 0.919 |
Third week of squaring | ||||
Small nymphs *** | Large nymphs *** | Adults ** | Total ** | |
Non-traited Treated | 8.00 ± 4.90 bc | 0.00 ± 0.00 c | 8.00 ± 8.00 | 16.00 ± 7.48 |
Non-traited Untreated | 32.00 ± 4.90 ab | 64.00 ± 9.80 a | 44.00 ± 7.48 | 140.00 ± 17.89 |
ThryvOn Treated | 0.00 ± 0.00 c | 0.00 ± 0.00 c | 4.00 ± 4.00 | 4.00 ± 4.00 |
ThryvOn Untreated | 60.00 ± 12.65 a | 28.00 ± 8.00 b | 36.00 ± 11.66 | 124.00 ± 18.33 |
Trait p value | 0.185 | 0.011 | 0.477 | 0.315 |
Insecticide p value | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.001 | 0.0001 |
Trait * Insecticide p value | 0.024 | 0.011 | 0.811 | 0.884 |
Fourth week of squaring | ||||
Small nymphs *** | Large nymphs * | Adults *** | Total *** | |
Non-traited Treated | 12.00 ± 4.90 a | 16.00 ± 4.00 | 44.00 ± 14.7 b | 72.00 ± 18.55 b |
Non-traited Untreated | 40.00 ± 10.95 a | 56.00 ± 17.20 | 140.00 ± 14.14 a | 236.00 ± 32.50 a |
ThryvOn Treated | 28.00 ± 8.00 a | 8.00 ± 8.00 | 48.00 ± 4.90 b | 84.00 ± 9.80 b |
ThryvOn Untreated | 24.00 ± 4.00 a | 8.00 ± 4.90 | 80.00 ± 14.14 b | 112.00 ± 20.59 b |
Trait p value | 1.00 | 0.013 | 0.042 | 0.021 |
Insecticide p value | 0.128 | 0.063 | 0.0001 | 0.001 |
Trait * Insecticide p value | 0.048 | 0.063 | 0.022 | 0.001 |
Treatment | First Week of Squaring | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Small nymphs | Large nymphs | Adults * | Total * | |
Non-traited Treated | 1.00 ± 0.58 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.33 ± 0.33 | 1.33 ± 0.67 |
Non-traited Untreated | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.33 ± 0.33 | 0.33 ± 0.33 |
ThryvOn Treated | 1.67 ± 0.33 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.33 ± 1.20 | 5.00 ± 1.53 |
ThryvOn Untreated | 2.00 ± 1.15 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 3.00 ± 0.58 | 5.00 ± 1.73 |
Trait p value | 0.081 | 1.000 | 0.004 | 0.009 |
Insecticide p value | 0.631 | 1.000 | 0.820 | 0.691 |
Trait * Insecticide p value | 0.347 | 1.000 | 0.820 | 0.691 |
Second week of squaring | ||||
Small nymphs | Large nymphs | Adults * | Total * | |
Non-traited Treated | 3.33 ± 1.2 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 6.67 ± 2.03 | 10.00 ± 3.20 |
Non-traited Untreated | 2.67 ± 0.67 | 0.67 ± 0.67 | 5.33 ± 1.2 | 8.67 ± 2.33 |
ThryvOn Treated | 5.33 ± 1.67 | 1.33 ± 0.88 | 10.67 ± 1.33 | 17.33 ± 1.76 |
ThryvOn Untreated | 6.33 ± 1.76 | 1.00 ± 0.58 | 12 ± 3.06 | 19.33 ± 4.91 |
Trait p value | 0.0766 | 0.218 | 0.031 | 0.025 |
Insecticide p value | 0.908 | 0.796 | 1.000 | 0.922 |
Trait * Insecticide p value | 0.567 | 0.446 | 0.532 | 0.625 |
Third week of squaring | ||||
Small nymphs | Large nymphs ** | Adults ** | Total ** | |
Non-traited Treated | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0 | 0.33 ± 0.33 | 0.33 ± 0.33 |
Non-traited Untreated | 1.67 ± 0.33 | 0.67 ± 0.67 | 16 ± 4.04 | 18.33 ± 4.26 |
ThryvOn Treated | 0.33 ± 0.33 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.33 ± 0.33 |
ThryvOn Untreated | 6.00 ± 5.51 | 3.00 ± 1.00 | 14.33 ± 4.67 | 23.33 ± 8.82 |
Trait p value | 0.423 | 0.088 | 0.755 | 0.624 |
Insecticide p value | 0.221 | 0.016 | 0.001 | 0.003 |
Trait * Insecticide p value | 0.490 | 0.088 | 0.834 | 0.624 |
Fourth week of squaring | ||||
Small nymphs ** | Large nymphs ** | Adults *** | Total ** | |
Non-traited Treated | 0.33 ± 0.33 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 7.00 ± 1.50 b | 7.33 ± 1.45 |
Non-traited Untreated | 15.67 ± 2.33 | 5.67 ± 1.45 | 19.33 ± 2.60 a | 40.67 ± 4.81 |
ThryvOn Treated | 0.33 ± 0.33 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 6.33 ± 2.33 b | 6.67 ± 2.40 |
ThryvOn Untreated | 12.33 ± 2.4 | 7.00 ± 0.00 | 8.67 ± 1.45 b | 28.00 ± 3.79 |
Trait p value | 0.353 | 0.386 | 0.024 | 0.083 |
Insecticide p value | <0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.007 | <0.0001 |
Trait * Insecticide p value | 0.353 | 0.386 | 0.040 | 0.113 |
Fifth week of squaring | ||||
Small nymphs ** | Large nymphs ** | Adults | Total ** | |
Non-traited Treated | 1.33 ± 0.88 | 0.67 ± 0.33 | 4.33 ± 1.2 | 6.33 ± 1.45 |
Non-traited Untreated | 17.00 ± 3.79 | 11.67 ± 1.76 | 5.00 ± 1.53 | 33.67 ± 4.84 |
ThryvOn Treated | 2.00 ± 1.15 | 0.33 ± 0.33 | 2.67 ± 1.45 | 5.00 ± 2.64 |
ThryvOn Untreated | 18.67 ± 4.09 | 8.67 ± 2.85 | 5.33 ± 0.88 | 32.67 ± 4.81 |
Trait p value | 0.696 | 0.353 | 0.620 | 0.763 |
Insecticide p value | 0.001 | 0.0004 | 0.233 | <0.0001 |
Trait * Insecticide p value | 0.866 | 0.453 | 0.491 | 0.966 |
Treatment | First Week of Squaring | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Small nymphs * | Large nymphs | Adults * | Total * | |
Non-traited Treated | 1.13 ± 0.61 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 1.63 ± 0.38 | 2.75 ± 0.88 |
Non-traited Untreated | 0.25 ± 0.16 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.75 ± 0.31 | 1.00 ± 0.38 |
ThryvOn Treated | 1.75 ± 0.31 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 2.38 ± 0.50 | 4.12 ± 0.74 |
ThryvOn Untreated | 2.25 ± 0.84 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 2.75 ± 0.59 | 5.00 ± 1.22 |
Trait p value | 0.024 | 1.000 | 0.005 | 0.004 |
Insecticide p value | 0.575 | 1.000 | 0.589 | 0.616 |
Trait * Insecticide p value | 0.317 | 1.000 | 0.182 | 0.139 |
Second week of squaring | ||||
Small nymphs ** | Large nymphs ** | Adults ** | Total ** | |
Non-traited Treated | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.13 ± 0.38 | 0.13 ± 0.13 |
Non-traited Untreated | 0.75 ± 0.37 | 0.75 ± 0.37 | 1.75 ± 0.31 | 3.25 ± 0.86 |
ThryvOn Treated | 0.13 ± 0.13 | 0.13 ± 0.13 | 0.50 ± 0.50 | 0.75 ± 0.37 |
ThryvOn Untreated | 1.75 ± 0.49 | 0.88 ± 0.3 | 1.38 ± 0.59 | 4.00 ± 0.57 |
Trait p value | 0.087 | 0.611 | 1.000 | 0.222 |
Insecticide p value | 0.001 | 0.005 | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Trait * Insecticide p value | 0.418 | 1.000 | 0.300 | 0.911 |
Third week of squaring | ||||
Small nymphs ** | Large nymphs ** | Adults | Total ** | |
Non-traited Treated | 0.13 ± 0.13 | 0.88 ± 0.23 | 1.00 ± 0.33 | 2.00 ± 0.5 |
Non-traited Untreated | 2.00 ± 0.57 | 2.13 ± 0.69 | 2.00 ± 0.33 | 6.13 ± 0.79 |
ThryvOn Treated | 0.50 ± 0.27 | 0.50 ± 0.13 | 1.38 ± 0.46 | 2.00 ± 0.57 |
ThryvOn Untreated | 3.50 ± 0.98 | 0.88 ± 0.49 | 1.13 ± 0.44 | 5.88 ± 0.83 |
Trait p value | 0.121 | 0.078 | 0.532 | 0.881 |
Insecticide p value | 0.0003 | 0.012 | 0.349 | 0.001 |
Trait * Insecticide p value | 0.345 | 0.889 | 0.124 | 0.183 |
Fourth week of squaring | ||||
Small nymphs *** | Large nymphs *** | Adults *** | Total *** | |
Non-traited Treated | 0.88 ± 0.35 b | 0.38 ± 0.18 b | 0.88 ± 0.35 b | 2.13 ± 0.61 bc |
Non-traited Untreated | 4.75 ± 1.05 a | 4.63 ± 0.92 a | 3.13 ± 0.64 a | 12.50 ± 2.02 a |
ThryvOn Treated | 0.25 ± 0.16 b | 0.00 ± 0.00 b | 0.13 ± 0.13 b | 0.38 ± 0.26 c |
ThryvOn Untreated | 2.50 ± 0.63 ab | 1.50 ± 0.38 b | 1.13 ± 0.3 b | 5.13 ± 1.04 b |
Trait p value | 0.049 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Insecticide p value | 0.003 | 0.0001 | 0.003 | 0.0001 |
Trait * Insecticide p value | 0.034 | 0.005 | 0.044 | 0.004 |
2019 * ** | 2020 *** | 2021 *** | |
---|---|---|---|
Non-traited Treated | 61.26 ± 2.98 | 86.39 ± 2.59 a | 91.81 ± 0.52 a |
Non-traited Untreated | 30.53 ± 3.71 | 69.08 ± 3.81 b | 87.63 ± 0.64 b |
ThryvOn Treated | 81.5 ± 3.62 | 82.61 ± 0.14 ab | 90.77 ± 0.88 a |
ThryvOn Untreated | 51.70 ± 3.70 | 80.75 ± 4.72 ab | 90.05 ± 0.40 a |
Trait effect p value | <0.001 | 0.266 | 0.215 |
Insecticide effect p value | <0.001 | 0.020 | 0.002 |
Trait * Insecticide effect p value | 0.898 | 0.047 | 0.013 |
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Arthur, B.P.; Suh, C.P.; McKnight, B.M.; Parajulee, M.N.; Yang, F.; Kerns, D.L. Field Evaluation of Cotton Expressing Mpp51Aa2 as a Management Tool for Cotton Fleahoppers, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter). Toxins 2023, 15, 644. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15110644
Arthur BP, Suh CP, McKnight BM, Parajulee MN, Yang F, Kerns DL. Field Evaluation of Cotton Expressing Mpp51Aa2 as a Management Tool for Cotton Fleahoppers, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter). Toxins. 2023; 15(11):644. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15110644
Chicago/Turabian StyleArthur, Brady P., Charles P. Suh, Benjamin M. McKnight, Megha N. Parajulee, Fei Yang, and David L. Kerns. 2023. "Field Evaluation of Cotton Expressing Mpp51Aa2 as a Management Tool for Cotton Fleahoppers, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter)" Toxins 15, no. 11: 644. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15110644