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Volume 15
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10.3390/toxins15080503
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Article

Deciphering the Hazardous Effects of AFB1 and T-2 Toxins: Unveiling Toxicity and Oxidative Stress Mechanisms in PK15 Cells and Mouse Kidneys

by
Shuai Xiao
1,†,
Yingxin Wu
1,†,
Suisui Gao
1,
Mingxia Zhou
1,
Zhiwei Liu
2,
Qianbo Xiong
1,
Lihuang Jiang
1,
Guoxiang Yuan
1,
Linfeng Li
1 and
Lingchen Yang
1,*
1
College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, No. 1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha 410128, China
2
Wuhan Animal Disease Control Center, No. 170, Erqi Road, Jiang’an District, Wuhan 430014, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Toxins 2023, 15(8), 503; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15080503
Submission received: 14 July 2023 / Revised: 4 August 2023 / Accepted: 10 August 2023 / Published: 14 August 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Mycotoxins on Animals)
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Abstract

In China, animal feeds are frequently contaminated with a range of mycotoxins, with Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and T-2 toxin (T-2) being two highly toxic mycotoxins. This study investigates the combined nephrotoxicity of AFB1 and T-2 on PK15 cells and murine renal tissues and their related oxidative stress mechanisms. PK15 cells were treated with the respective toxin concentrations for 24 h, and oxidative stress-related indicators were assessed. The results showed that the combination of AFB1 and T-2 led to more severe cellular damage and oxidative stress compared to exposure to the individual toxins (p < 0.05). In the in vivo study, pathological examination revealed that the kidney tissue of mice exposed to the combined toxins showed signs of glomerular atrophy. The contents of oxidative stress-related indicators were significantly increased in the kidney tissue (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that the combined toxins cause significant oxidative damage to mouse kidneys. The study highlights the importance of considering the combined effects of mycotoxins in animal feed, particularly AFB1 and T-2, which can lead to severe nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in PK15 cells and mouse kidneys. The findings have important implications for animal feed safety and regulatory policy.
Keywords: AFB1; T-2; combined effect; kidney damage; oxidative stress AFB1; T-2; combined effect; kidney damage; oxidative stress

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MDPI and ACS Style

Xiao, S.; Wu, Y.; Gao, S.; Zhou, M.; Liu, Z.; Xiong, Q.; Jiang, L.; Yuan, G.; Li, L.; Yang, L. Deciphering the Hazardous Effects of AFB1 and T-2 Toxins: Unveiling Toxicity and Oxidative Stress Mechanisms in PK15 Cells and Mouse Kidneys. Toxins 2023, 15, 503. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15080503

AMA Style

Xiao S, Wu Y, Gao S, Zhou M, Liu Z, Xiong Q, Jiang L, Yuan G, Li L, Yang L. Deciphering the Hazardous Effects of AFB1 and T-2 Toxins: Unveiling Toxicity and Oxidative Stress Mechanisms in PK15 Cells and Mouse Kidneys. Toxins. 2023; 15(8):503. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15080503

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiao, Shuai, Yingxin Wu, Suisui Gao, Mingxia Zhou, Zhiwei Liu, Qianbo Xiong, Lihuang Jiang, Guoxiang Yuan, Linfeng Li, and Lingchen Yang. 2023. "Deciphering the Hazardous Effects of AFB1 and T-2 Toxins: Unveiling Toxicity and Oxidative Stress Mechanisms in PK15 Cells and Mouse Kidneys" Toxins 15, no. 8: 503. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15080503

APA Style

Xiao, S., Wu, Y., Gao, S., Zhou, M., Liu, Z., Xiong, Q., Jiang, L., Yuan, G., Li, L., & Yang, L. (2023). Deciphering the Hazardous Effects of AFB1 and T-2 Toxins: Unveiling Toxicity and Oxidative Stress Mechanisms in PK15 Cells and Mouse Kidneys. Toxins, 15(8), 503. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15080503

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