Intramuscular Botulinum Toxin as an Adjunct to Arthrocentesis with Viscosupplementation in Temporomandibular Disorders: A Proof-of-Concept Case–Control Investigation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Pain at Rest
2.2. Pain at Chewing
2.3. Masticatory Efficacy
2.4. Functional Limitation
2.5. Subjective Efficacy
2.6. Maximum Non-Assisted and Assisted Mouth Opening
2.7. Side Effects
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Ethics
3.2. Study Design/Sample
3.3. Participants
3.4. Variables
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
6. Future Perspective
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Groups | Patient n° | Sex | Age | TMJ |
---|---|---|---|---|
Group A | 1 | F | 67 | 0 |
Group A | 2 | M | 71 | 0 |
Group A | 3 | M | 54 | 1 |
Group A | 4 | F | 62 | 0 |
Group A | 5 | F | 37 | 1 |
Group B | 6 | F | 78 | 1 |
Group B | 7 | F | 67 | 1 |
Group B | 8 | M | 28 | 1 |
Group B | 9 | F | 44 | 0 |
Group B | 10 | F | 69 | 0 |
Groups | Patient n° | Functional Limitation (T0) | Functional Limitation (T1) | Functional Limitation (T2) | Functional Limitation (T3) | Functional Limitation (T4) | Functional Limitation (T5) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GROUP A | Average | 3.2 | 2.8 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 0.8 | 0.2 |
Standard Deviation | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | |
GROUP B | Average | 3.6 | 3.8 | 3 | 2.8 | 1.6 | 0.4 |
Standard Deviation | 0.55 | 0.45 | 0.71 | 0.45 | 0.55 | 0.55 |
Groups | Patient n° | Maximum Non-Assisted Mouth Opening (T0) | Maximum Non-Assisted Mouth Opening (T5) | Maximum Assisted Mouth Opening (T0) | Maximum Assisted Mouth Opening (T5) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group A | 1 | 26 | 43 | 28 | 46 |
Group A | 2 | 34 | 45 | 38 | 49 |
Group A | 3 | 24 | 38 | 24 | 41 |
Group A | 4 | 18 | 42 | 25 | 47 |
Group A | 5 | 38 | 45 | 41 | 46 |
Group B | 6 | 21 | 27 | 23 | 32 |
Group B | 7 | 41 | 44 | 42 | 47 |
Group B | 8 | 20 | 36 | 27 | 38 |
Group B | 9 | 31 | 34 | 36 | 38 |
Group B | 10 | 15 | 30 | 20 | 34 |
GROUP A | Average | 28 | 42.6 | 31.2 | 45.8 |
Standard Deviation | 8 | 2.88 | 7.79 | 2.95 | |
GROUP B | Average | 25.6 | 34.2 | 29.6 | 37.8 |
Standard Deviation | 10.38 | 6.5 | 9.18 | 5.76 |
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Guarda Nardini, L.; Manfredini, D.; Colonna, A.; Ferrari Cagidiaco, E.; Ferrari, M.; Val, M. Intramuscular Botulinum Toxin as an Adjunct to Arthrocentesis with Viscosupplementation in Temporomandibular Disorders: A Proof-of-Concept Case–Control Investigation. Toxins 2024, 16, 364. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16080364
Guarda Nardini L, Manfredini D, Colonna A, Ferrari Cagidiaco E, Ferrari M, Val M. Intramuscular Botulinum Toxin as an Adjunct to Arthrocentesis with Viscosupplementation in Temporomandibular Disorders: A Proof-of-Concept Case–Control Investigation. Toxins. 2024; 16(8):364. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16080364
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuarda Nardini, Luca, Daniele Manfredini, Anna Colonna, Edoardo Ferrari Cagidiaco, Marco Ferrari, and Matteo Val. 2024. "Intramuscular Botulinum Toxin as an Adjunct to Arthrocentesis with Viscosupplementation in Temporomandibular Disorders: A Proof-of-Concept Case–Control Investigation" Toxins 16, no. 8: 364. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16080364