The Toxicological Impacts of the Fusarium Mycotoxin, Deoxynivalenol, in Poultry Flocks with Special Reference to Immunotoxicity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Occurrence of DON in Poultry Feed
3. Effects on Growth Performance
Deoxynivalenol (mg/kg diet) Birds (species and sex) | Duration of exposure (days) | Performance traits | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Up to 15 mg/kg diet Broiler (male or mixed sex) | 21–42 | No effects on performance | [16,17,18,35,36,37,38,39,40,41] |
10–15 mg/kg diet Broiler (male or mixed sex) | 21–42 | Reduced feed intake, weight gain and feed efficiency | [13,29,30,31] |
20 mg/kg diet Turkey poults (female) | 21 | No effects on performance | [45] |
2–3 mg/kg Laying hens (aged 48 weeks) | 56 | No effects on performance and egg production | [42] |
0.02 mg/kg Lohman Brown laying hens | 42 | Reduced feed intake | [14] |
4. Effects on the Immune System and Internal Organs
5. Effects on Gut Health
6. Effects on the Immune Responses
6.1. Humoral Immunity
Deoxynivalenol (mg/kg diet) Birds (species and sex) | Duration of exposure (days) | Observed effects | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Up to 12.21 mg/kg diet Broiler (male) | 35 | NDV increased at week 2 and 4 NDV decreased at week 5 IBV decreased at week 5 IBV not affected at week 2, 4, 5 | [60] |
10 mg/kg diet Broiler (male) | 35 | IBV decreased at week 5 | [13] |
3.5–14 mg/kg diet Broiler (male) | 35 | NDV decreased | [30] |
4.7–8.3 mg/kg diet Broiler (male) | 14 | IBV not affected | [38] |
12.6 mg/kg diet Broiler breeder | 84 | IBV decreased NDV not affected | [61] |
18 mg/kg White leghorn chicks | 72 | NDV not affected | [59] |
12.3 mg/kg Laying hens | 112 | NDV decreased | [14] |
6.2. Cellular Immunity
7. Effects on Pro-inflammatory Cytokines
8. Conclusions
References
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Awad, W.; Ghareeb, K.; Böhm, J.; Zentek, J. The Toxicological Impacts of the Fusarium Mycotoxin, Deoxynivalenol, in Poultry Flocks with Special Reference to Immunotoxicity. Toxins 2013, 5, 912-925. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins5050912
Awad W, Ghareeb K, Böhm J, Zentek J. The Toxicological Impacts of the Fusarium Mycotoxin, Deoxynivalenol, in Poultry Flocks with Special Reference to Immunotoxicity. Toxins. 2013; 5(5):912-925. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins5050912
Chicago/Turabian StyleAwad, Wageha, Khaled Ghareeb, Josef Böhm, and Jürgen Zentek. 2013. "The Toxicological Impacts of the Fusarium Mycotoxin, Deoxynivalenol, in Poultry Flocks with Special Reference to Immunotoxicity" Toxins 5, no. 5: 912-925. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins5050912