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Article

Toxicity of the Anti-ribosomal Lectin Ebulin f in Lungs and Intestines in Elderly Mice

by
Manuel Garrosa
1,†,
Pilar Jiménez
2,3,†,
Jesús Tejero
2,3,
Patricia Cabrero
2,
Damián Cordoba-Diaz
4,
Emiliano J. Quinto
2,3,
Manuel J. Gayoso
1 and
Tomás Girbés
2,3,*
1
Cell Biology, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and INCYL (Institute of Neurosciences of Castile and Leon), University of Valladolid, Valladolid E-47005, Spain
2
Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid E-47005, Spain
3
CINAD (Center for Research in Nutrition, Food and Dietetics), University of Valladolid, Valladolid E-47005, Spain
4
Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and IUFI (Institute of Industrial Pharmacy), Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid E-28040, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Toxins 2015, 7(2), 367-379; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7020367
Submission received: 1 December 2014 / Revised: 19 December 2014 / Accepted: 23 January 2015 / Published: 2 February 2015
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Toxins)
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Abstract

All parts of dwarf elder (Sambucus ebulus L.) studied so far contain a ribosome-inactivating protein with lectin activity (ribosome-inactivating lectin; RIL), known as ebulin. Green fruits contain ebulin f, the toxicity of which has been studied in six-week-old mice, where it was found that the intestines were primary targets for it when administered intraperitoneally (i.p.). We performed experiments to assess whether ebulin f administration to six- and 12-month-old mice would trigger higher toxicity than that displayed in six-week-old mice. In the present report, we present evidence indicating that the toxicological effects of ebulin f after its i.p. administration to elderly mice are exerted on the lungs and intestines by an increased rate of apoptosis. We hypothesize that the ebulin f apoptosis-promoting action together with the age-dependent high rate of apoptosis result in an increase in the lectin’s toxicity, leading to a higher lethality level.
Keywords: ebulin f; Sambucus ebulus; ribosome-inactivating proteins; elderly mice; toxicity ebulin f; Sambucus ebulus; ribosome-inactivating proteins; elderly mice; toxicity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Garrosa, M.; Jiménez, P.; Tejero, J.; Cabrero, P.; Cordoba-Diaz, D.; Quinto, E.J.; Gayoso, M.J.; Girbés, T. Toxicity of the Anti-ribosomal Lectin Ebulin f in Lungs and Intestines in Elderly Mice. Toxins 2015, 7, 367-379. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7020367

AMA Style

Garrosa M, Jiménez P, Tejero J, Cabrero P, Cordoba-Diaz D, Quinto EJ, Gayoso MJ, Girbés T. Toxicity of the Anti-ribosomal Lectin Ebulin f in Lungs and Intestines in Elderly Mice. Toxins. 2015; 7(2):367-379. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7020367

Chicago/Turabian Style

Garrosa, Manuel, Pilar Jiménez, Jesús Tejero, Patricia Cabrero, Damián Cordoba-Diaz, Emiliano J. Quinto, Manuel J. Gayoso, and Tomás Girbés. 2015. "Toxicity of the Anti-ribosomal Lectin Ebulin f in Lungs and Intestines in Elderly Mice" Toxins 7, no. 2: 367-379. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7020367

APA Style

Garrosa, M., Jiménez, P., Tejero, J., Cabrero, P., Cordoba-Diaz, D., Quinto, E. J., Gayoso, M. J., & Girbés, T. (2015). Toxicity of the Anti-ribosomal Lectin Ebulin f in Lungs and Intestines in Elderly Mice. Toxins, 7(2), 367-379. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7020367

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