Synthesis and Characterization of Pyridine-Grafted Copolymers of Acrylic Acid–Styrene Derivatives for Antimicrobial and Fluorescence Applications

Durairaju, Periyan; Umarani, Chinnasamy; Rajabather, Jothi Ramalingam; Alanazi, Amer M.; Periyasami, Govindasami; Wilson, Lee D.

doi:10.3390/mi12060672

Open AccessArticle

Synthesis and Characterization of Pyridine-Grafted Copolymers of Acrylic Acid–Styrene Derivatives for Antimicrobial and Fluorescence Applications

by

Periyan Durairaju

^1,2,*,†,

Chinnasamy Umarani

²,

Jothi Ramalingam Rajabather

³

,

Amer M. Alanazi

^4,†,

Govindasami Periyasami

³

and

Lee D. Wilson

^5,*

¹

Department of Chemistry, Thiruvalluvar Government Arts College, Rasipuram 636007, Tamilnadu, India

²

Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem 636007, Tamilnadu, India

³

Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

⁴

Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

⁵

Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place—Room 165 Thorvaldson Bldg., Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

Contributed equally to this work.

Micromachines 2021, 12(6), 672; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12060672

Submission received: 4 May 2021 / Revised: 31 May 2021 / Accepted: 1 June 2021 / Published: 8 June 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hybrid and Polymer Assemblies)

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Abstract

The goal of the present study was to copolymerize 3-(4-acetylphenylcarbamoyl) acrylic acid and styrene using azo-bis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a catalyst. The resulting copolymers exhibited number average molecular weights (M_n) of 3.73–5.23 × 10⁴ g/mol with a variable polydispersity (PDI = 2.3–3.8). The amide group of the PMA/PSA polymer was used for grafting poly (-styrene-maleic acid substituted aromatic 2-aminopyridine) by the Hantzsch reaction using a substituted aromatic aldehyde, malononitrile, and ammonium acetate. The polymer can emit strong blue fluorescence (λ = 510 nm) and its thermal stability and solubility were enhanced by polymer grafting. Moreover, the polymer showed the fluorescence spectra of the copolymer had a strong, broad emission band between 300 to 550 nm (maximum wavelength 538 nm) under excitation at 293 nm. The Hantzsch reaction yields an interesting class of nitrogen-based heterocycles that combine with a synthetic strategy for synthesis of grafted co-polymer pyridine-styrene derivatives. The as-prepared pyridine-based polymer compounds were screened against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, where a maximum inhibition zone toward all four types of bacteria was observed, including specific antifungal activity. Herein, a series of pyridine compounds were synthesized that showed enhanced fluorescent properties and antimicrobial properties due to their unique structure and ability to form polymer assemblies.

Keywords: pyridine; acrylic acid; styrene polymer; graft polymerization; antibacterial activity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Durairaju, P.; Umarani, C.; Rajabather, J.R.; Alanazi, A.M.; Periyasami, G.; Wilson, L.D. Synthesis and Characterization of Pyridine-Grafted Copolymers of Acrylic Acid–Styrene Derivatives for Antimicrobial and Fluorescence Applications. Micromachines 2021, 12, 672. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12060672

AMA Style

Durairaju P, Umarani C, Rajabather JR, Alanazi AM, Periyasami G, Wilson LD. Synthesis and Characterization of Pyridine-Grafted Copolymers of Acrylic Acid–Styrene Derivatives for Antimicrobial and Fluorescence Applications. Micromachines. 2021; 12(6):672. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12060672

Chicago/Turabian Style

Durairaju, Periyan, Chinnasamy Umarani, Jothi Ramalingam Rajabather, Amer M. Alanazi, Govindasami Periyasami, and Lee D. Wilson. 2021. "Synthesis and Characterization of Pyridine-Grafted Copolymers of Acrylic Acid–Styrene Derivatives for Antimicrobial and Fluorescence Applications" Micromachines 12, no. 6: 672. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12060672

APA Style

Durairaju, P., Umarani, C., Rajabather, J. R., Alanazi, A. M., Periyasami, G., & Wilson, L. D. (2021). Synthesis and Characterization of Pyridine-Grafted Copolymers of Acrylic Acid–Styrene Derivatives for Antimicrobial and Fluorescence Applications. Micromachines, 12(6), 672. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12060672

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Synthesis and Characterization of Pyridine-Grafted Copolymers of Acrylic Acid–Styrene Derivatives for Antimicrobial and Fluorescence Applications

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