A Conformal Tri-Band Antenna for Flexible Devices and Body-Centric Wireless Communications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Design Procedure of Proposed Work
2.1. Design Methodology
2.2. Design Optimization
2.3. Conformability Analysis
3. Experimental Results
3.1. |S11|
3.2. Radiation Pattern
3.3. Gain and Efficiency
3.4. Conformal Analysis
3.5. SAR Analysis
4. Comparison with State-of-the-Art Works
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Frequency | Skin | Fat | Muscle | Bone | SAR (W/Kg) 1 g | SAR (W/Kg) 10 g | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
εr | σ | εr | σ | εr | σ | εr | σ | |||
2.45 | 38.06 | 1.44 | 5.28 | 0.1 | 52.79 | 1.7 | 11.41 | 0.38459 | 1.48 | 1.52 |
3.5 | 36.84 | 2.59 | 5.069 | 0.2 | 50.91 | 2.9 | 10.46 | 0.67 | 1.26 | 1.41 |
5.8 | 35.114 | 3.71 | 4.9549 | 0.2 | 48.485 | 4.96 | 9.6744 | 1.544 | 1.1 | 0.62 |
Ref. | Physical Size (mm3) | Electrical Size (λ2) | No. of Bands | Design Technique | SAR (W/Kg) | Gain (dBi) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[10] | 45 × 45 × 2.4 | 0.37 × 0.37 | Single band | High-impedance-surface-enabled design | 0.0257 | 7.47 |
[11] | 20.7 × 20.5 × 0.1 | 0.17 × 0.17 | Single band | EBG-FSS | 0.0182 | 7.9 |
[15] | 122.5 × 122.5 × 1.8 | 1 × 4 | Single band | AMC | 0.371 | 7.2 |
[16] | 70.4 × 76.14 × 3.11 | 0.57 × 0.62 | Dual band | Metamaterial-based complementary split-ring resonator | 0.381 | 3, 1.53 |
[19] | 48.7 × 42.8 × 0.787 | 0.4 × 0.35 | Dual band | Metamaterial-based split-ring resonator | 1.79 | 2.7, 2.35 |
[20] | 64.36 × 76.96 × 4.06 | 0.53 × 0.63 | Dual band | Aperture-coupled fractal | 1.24, 2.99 | 7.45, 4.75 |
[21] | 28 × 32 × 0.394 | 0.23 × 0.26 | Triple band | Metamaterial array | Not provided | 2.5, 4.75 |
[22] | 90 × 90 × 6 | 0.73 × 0.73 | Triple band | AMC array | 0.34 | 4.8, 5.1, 6.2 |
[23] | 60 × 60 × 4.52 | 0.49 × 0.49 | Triple band | Two-layered substrates | 0.13, 0.09, 0.09 | 4.2, 6.6, 5.0 |
This work | 15 × 20 × 0.254 | 0.12 × 0.16 | Triple band | Stub-loaded patch | 1.48, 1.26, 1.1 (1 g) 1.52, 1.41, 0.62 (10 g) | 1.08, 1.96, 2.99 |
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Awan, W.A.; Abbas, A.; Naqvi, S.I.; Elkamchouchi, D.H.; Aslam, M.; Hussain, N. A Conformal Tri-Band Antenna for Flexible Devices and Body-Centric Wireless Communications. Micromachines 2023, 14, 1842. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14101842
Awan WA, Abbas A, Naqvi SI, Elkamchouchi DH, Aslam M, Hussain N. A Conformal Tri-Band Antenna for Flexible Devices and Body-Centric Wireless Communications. Micromachines. 2023; 14(10):1842. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14101842
Chicago/Turabian StyleAwan, Wahaj Abbas, Anees Abbas, Syeda Iffat Naqvi, Dalia H. Elkamchouchi, Muhammad Aslam, and Niamat Hussain. 2023. "A Conformal Tri-Band Antenna for Flexible Devices and Body-Centric Wireless Communications" Micromachines 14, no. 10: 1842. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14101842