Assessing the Discriminatory Capabilities of iEK Devices under DC and DC-Biased AC Stimulation Potentials
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theory
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Fabrication of Microdevices
3.2. Suspending Medium and Cell Samples
3.3. Equipment and Software
3.4. Experimental Procedure
3.5. Mathematical Modeling
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Separation of Cells by Applying DC Signal
4.2. Separation of Cells by Applying DC-Biased Low-Frequency AC Signal
4.3. Comparison of the Separation Effectiveness Obtained with the DC Voltages and with the DC-Biased Low-Frequency AC Voltages
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cell ID | Size (µm) | (mV) | × 10−8 (m2V−1s−1) | × 10−18 (m4V−3s−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
E. coli (ATCC 11775) | 3.2 ± 0.3 long 1.1 ± 0.2 wide | −25.3 ± 2.1 2 | −1.97 ± 0.1 2 | −2.1 ± 0.1 1,2 |
S. cerevisiae (ATCC 9763) | 7.0 ± 0.7 diameter | −29.1 ± 3.7 2 | −2.26 ± 0.3 2 | −7.6 ± 1.5 1,2 |
Separation ID | Description | Step | Run Time (s) | Applied Voltage (V) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | C | D | ||||
1 | Separation using DC potential | Loading (DC) | 10 | 500 | 300 | 0 | 500 |
Gating (DC) | 5 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 0 | ||
Injection (DC) | 5 | 0 | 1000 | 0 | 0 | ||
Separation (DC) | 450 | 200 | 656 | 200 | 0 | ||
2 | Separation using DC-biased AC potential | Loading (DC) | 10 | 500 | 300 | 0 | 500 |
Gating (DC) | 5 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 0 | ||
Injection (DC) | 5 | 0 | 1000 | 0 | 0 | ||
Separation (DC bias + AC) | 450 | 200 | @ 0.4 Hz | 200 | 0 |
Separation ID | Cell ID | (s) | (s) | (%) | Experimental Deviation between Repetitions (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | E. coli | 0.55 | 197.0 | 239.7 | 17.8 | 7.8 |
S. cerevisiae | 224.2 | 274.3 | 18.3 | 6.6 | ||
2 | E. coli | 1.51 | 228.6 | 241.7 | 5.4 | 2.5 |
S. cerevisiae | 261.3 | 295.7 | 11.6 | 2.6 |
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Nasir Ahamed, N.N.; Mendiola-Escobedo, C.A.; Perez-Gonzalez, V.H.; Lapizco-Encinas, B.H. Assessing the Discriminatory Capabilities of iEK Devices under DC and DC-Biased AC Stimulation Potentials. Micromachines 2023, 14, 2239. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14122239
Nasir Ahamed NN, Mendiola-Escobedo CA, Perez-Gonzalez VH, Lapizco-Encinas BH. Assessing the Discriminatory Capabilities of iEK Devices under DC and DC-Biased AC Stimulation Potentials. Micromachines. 2023; 14(12):2239. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14122239
Chicago/Turabian StyleNasir Ahamed, Nuzhet Nihaar, Carlos A. Mendiola-Escobedo, Victor H. Perez-Gonzalez, and Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas. 2023. "Assessing the Discriminatory Capabilities of iEK Devices under DC and DC-Biased AC Stimulation Potentials" Micromachines 14, no. 12: 2239. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14122239