Recent Developments in Fabrication Methods and Measurement Schemes for Optically Pumped Magnetic Gradiometers: A Comprehensive Review

Haifeng Dong obtained his PhD degree in Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics from Peking University. He held the position of postdoctoral fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and was a visiting scholar at Princeton University. He has been an Associate Professor at Beihang University since 2007. His research interests include quantum sensing, precision measurement and microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs).

Hangfei Ye received a B.S. degree in measurement, control technology and instruments from China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2022. He is currently pursuing an M.S. degree in electronic and information engineering at the School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China. His current research interests include atomic magnetometers.

Min Hu received a B.S. degree in optoelectronic information science and engineering from Beihang University, Beijing, China, in 2021. He is currently pursuing an M.S. degree in instrument science and technology at the School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China. His current research interests include atomic magnetometers.

Zongmin Ma is a professor, doctoral supervisor and master supervisor at the School of Instruments and Electronics, North University of China. In 2013, he graduated from Osaka University, Japan, majoring in precision science and applied physics, and received a doctorate in engineering. In recent years, as a project leader, he has presided over one key research and development plan project of the Ministry of Science and Technology, one National Natural Science Foundation General Project and Youth Fund, two national defense basic scientific research projects of the Bureau of Science and Technology and two pre-research funds of the Ministry of Equipment Development, with four projects in Shanxi Province. He has participated as a backbone in major scientific research instrument development projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, key funds, major projects in precision measurement physics (second), the National Natural Science Foundation of China Sino-Japanese International Cooperation Project (second), the North China University Outstanding Youth Fund and other horizontal and vertical projects; is an outstanding young academic leader in Shanxi Province and a member of the "1331 Project" construction target field; and has won first prize of the 2015 Shanxi Natural Invention Award (4/6). His research direction is quantum sensing and precision measurement.