Optimizing Flexible Microelectrode Designs for Enhanced Efficacy in Electrical Stimulation Therapy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Fabrication of FMs
2.2. Fabrication, Modeling, and Simulation of the FM–Hydrogel–Epidermis System (FHES)
- Solution Preparation: A solution of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was prepared by dissolving PVA in deionized water with continuous stirring at 90 °C until a clear solution was obtained.
- Polymer Addition: Polypyrrole/polydopamine (PPY/PDA) and polyaniline (PANI) powders were then gradually added to the PVA solution under vigorous stirring to ensure uniform dispersion.
- Crosslinking: Glutaraldehyde was added to the mixture as a crosslinking agent. The solution was stirred continuously to ensure even crosslinking.
- Curing: The mixture was poured into molds and allowed to cure at room temperature for 24 h, resulting in a stable hydrogel with desired mechanical and electrical properties.
2.3. Animal Experiment
3. Experimental Results
4. Experimental Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Qi, L.; Tao, Z.; Liu, M.; Yao, K.; Song, J.; Shang, Y.; Su, D.; Liu, N.; Jiang, Y.; Wang, Y. Optimizing Flexible Microelectrode Designs for Enhanced Efficacy in Electrical Stimulation Therapy. Micromachines 2024, 15, 1104. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15091104
Qi L, Tao Z, Liu M, Yao K, Song J, Shang Y, Su D, Liu N, Jiang Y, Wang Y. Optimizing Flexible Microelectrode Designs for Enhanced Efficacy in Electrical Stimulation Therapy. Micromachines. 2024; 15(9):1104. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15091104
Chicago/Turabian StyleQi, Lihong, Zeru Tao, Mujie Liu, Kai Yao, Jiajie Song, Yuxuan Shang, Dan Su, Na Liu, Yongwei Jiang, and Yuheng Wang. 2024. "Optimizing Flexible Microelectrode Designs for Enhanced Efficacy in Electrical Stimulation Therapy" Micromachines 15, no. 9: 1104. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15091104