A Sub-0.01 °C Resolution All-CMOS Temperature Sensor with 0.43 °C/−0.38 °C Inaccuracy and 1.9 pJ · K2 Resolution FoM for IoT Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Architecture and Operation Principle
3. Circuit Implementation Details
3.1. Temperature Sensing Core
3.2. Voltage-to-Time Converter
3.3. Relaxation Oscillator
3.4. Time-to-Digital Converter
4. Simulation Results and Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Paper | JSSC [27] | TCAS-I [8] | TCAS-I [28] | TCAS-II [1] | TCAS-II [29] | MDPI [30] | This Work |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | 2022 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2018 | 2024 |
Technology (nm) | 110 | 180 | 130 | 65 | 28 | 180 | 180 |
Type | BJT | MOSFET | MOSFET | Res | Res | BJT | MOSFET |
Supply Voltage (V) | 1.35∼2 | 1.8 | 0.95 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.8 | 1.2 |
Temperature Range (°C) | −40∼140 | −20∼80 | 0∼80 | −5∼95 | −40∼100 | 0∼100 | 0∼120 |
Resolution (°C) | 0.144 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0098 | 0.0565 | 0.01 | 0.0071 |
Conversion Time (ms) | 0.8 | 25 | 59 | 10 | 0.404 | 3.4 | 26 |
Inaccuracy (°C) | +1/−1 | +0.66/−0.73 | +0.44/−0.4 | +1.8/−1.6 | +0.81/−0.62 | +0.2/−0.2 | +0.43/−0.38 |
Relative Inaccuracy 1 (%) | 1.11 | 1.39 | 1.05 | 3.4 | 1.02 | 0.4 | 0.675 |
Power 2 (W) | 3.1 | 1.99 | 0.196 | 0.31 | 123.5 | 11.2 | 1.48 |
Energy/Conversion (nJ) | 2.48 | 49.75 | 11.56 | 3.1 | 49.9 | 38 | 38.39 |
Resolution FOM 3 (nJ · K2) | 0.0514 | 0.4975 | 0.1156 | 0.000297 | 0.159 | 0.0038 | 0.0019 |
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Sun, Y.; Cheng, J.; Luo, Z.; Zeng, Y. A Sub-0.01 °C Resolution All-CMOS Temperature Sensor with 0.43 °C/−0.38 °C Inaccuracy and 1.9 pJ · K2 Resolution FoM for IoT Applications. Micromachines 2024, 15, 1132. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15091132
Sun Y, Cheng J, Luo Z, Zeng Y. A Sub-0.01 °C Resolution All-CMOS Temperature Sensor with 0.43 °C/−0.38 °C Inaccuracy and 1.9 pJ · K2 Resolution FoM for IoT Applications. Micromachines. 2024; 15(9):1132. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15091132
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Yixiao, Jie Cheng, Zhizhong Luo, and Yanhan Zeng. 2024. "A Sub-0.01 °C Resolution All-CMOS Temperature Sensor with 0.43 °C/−0.38 °C Inaccuracy and 1.9 pJ · K2 Resolution FoM for IoT Applications" Micromachines 15, no. 9: 1132. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15091132