Upconversion Nanoparticles Encapsulated with Amorphous Silica and Their Emission Quenching by FRET: A Nanosensor Excited by NIR for Mercury Detection
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Reagents
2.2. Equipment and Method
2.3. The Synthesis for Silica Coated UCNPs
2.4. Surface Modification on Silica Coated UCNPs
2.5. Synthesis of RBO Probe
2.6. Synthesis of UCNPs@SiO2-RBO Nanocomposite
2.7. How to Determine Hg2+ with UCNPs@SiO2-RBO
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Sensing Performance of RBO Probe for Hg2+
3.2. Characterization on UCNPs@SiO2-RBO
3.3. Energy Transfer in UCNPs@SiO2-RBO
3.4. Sensing Performance of UCNPs@SiO2-RBO
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Wang, Q.; Kim, D.; Dionysiou, D.D.; Sorial, G.A.; Timberlake, D. Sources and remediation for mercury contamination in aquatic systems-a literature review. Environ. Pollut. 2004, 131, 323. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Nolan, E.M.; Lippard, S.J. A “Turn-On” fluorescent sensor for the selective detection of mercuric ion in aqueous media. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 14270. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yoon, S.; Miller, E.W.; He, Q.; Do, P.H.; Chang, C.J. A bright and specific fluorescent sensor for mercury in water, cells, and tissue. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 6658. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wanichancheva, N.; Setthakarn, K.; Prapawattanapol, N.; Hanmeng, O.; Lee, V.S.; Grudpan, K. Rhodamine B-based “turn-on” fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors for highly sensitive and selective detection of mercury (II) ions. J. Lumin. 2012, 132, 35. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Park, M.; Seo, S.; Lee, I.S.; Jung, J.H. Ultraefficient separation and sensing of mercury and methylmercury ions in drinking water by using aminonaphthalimide-functionalized Fe3O4@SiO2 core/shell magnetic nanoparticles. Chem. Commun. 2010, 46, 4478. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Duan, J.; Jiang, X.; Ni, S.; Yang, M.; Zhan, J. Facile synthesis of N-acetyl-l-cysteine capped ZnS quantum dots as an eco-friendly fluorescence sensor for Hg2+. Talanta 2011, 85, 1738. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, H.; Wang, L. NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ nanoparticle-based upconversion luminescence resonance energy transfer sensor for mercury(II) quantification. Analyst 2013, 138, 1589. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, C.; Liu, J.; Alonso, S.; Li, F.; Zhang, Y. Upconversion nanoparticles for sensitive and in-depth detection of Cu2+ ions. Nanoscale 2012, 4, 6065. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, C.; Lin, J. Rare earth fluoride nano-/microcrystals: Synthesis, surface modification and application. J. Mater. Chem. 2010, 20, 6831. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Haase, M.; Schafer, H. Upconverting nanoparticles. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 5808. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chatterjee, D.K.; Rufaihah, A.J.; Zhang, Y. Upconversion fluorescence imaging of cells and small animals using lanthanide doped nanocrystals. Biomaterials 2008, 29, 937. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bouzigues, C.; Gacoin, T.; Alexandrou, A. Biological applications of rare-earth based nanoparticles. ACS Nano. 2011, 5, 8488. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Shan, G.; Weissleder, R.; Hilderbrand, S.A. Upconverting organic dye doped core-shell nano-composites for dual-modality nir imaging and photo-thermal therapy. Theranostics 2013, 3, 267. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Pierre, A.T.V.C. Principles of responsive lanthanide-based luminescent probes for cellular imaging. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2009, 394, 107. [Google Scholar]
- Boyer, J.C.; Manseau, M.P.; Murray, J.I.; Van Veggel, F.C.J.M. Surface modification of upconverting NaYF4 nanoparticles with peg−phosphate ligands for nir (800 nm) biolabeling within the biological window. Langmuir 2010, 26, 1157. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, J.; Cheng, J.; Zhang, Y. Upconversion nanoparticle based LRET system for sensitive detection of MRSA DNA sequence. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2013, 43, 252. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, L.; Yan, R.; Huo, Z.; Wang, L.; Zeng, J.; Bao, J.; Wang, X.; Peng, Q.; Li, Y. Fluorescence resonant energy transfer biosensor based on upconversion-luminescent nanoparticles. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 6054. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yao, L.; Zhou, J.; Liu, J.; Feng, W.; Li, F. Iridium-complex-modified upconversion nanophosphors for effective lret detection of cyanide anions in pure water. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2012, 22, 2667. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Siefe, C.; Mehlenbacher, R.D.; Peng, C.S.; Zhang, Y.; Fischer, S.; Lay, A.; McLellan, C.A.; Alivisatos, A.P.; Chu, S.; Dionne, J.A. Sub-20 nm core–shell–shell nanoparticles for bright upconversion and enhanced förster resonant energy transfer. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 16997–17005. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kang, D.; Lee, S.; Shin, H.; Pyun, J.; Lee, J. An efficient NIR-to-NIR signal-based LRET system for homogeneous competitive immunoassay. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2020, 150, 111921. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, Z.; Liang, T.; Wang, Q.; Liu, Z. Strategies for constructing upconversion luminescence nanoprobes to improve signal contrast. Small 2020, 16, 1905084. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yuan, P.; Lee, Y.H.; Gnanasammandhan, M.K.; Guan, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Xu, Q.H. Plasmon enhanced upconversion luminescence of NaYF4:Yb,Er@SiO2@Ag core–shell nanocomposites for cell imaging. Nanoscale 2012, 4, 5132. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ni, J.; Li, Q.; Li, B.; Zhang, L. A novel fluorescent probe based on rhodamine B derivative for highly selective and sensitive detection of mercury(II) ion in aqueous solution. Sens. Actuators B 2013, 186, 278. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, Y.J.; Yan, B. Lanthanide (Eu3+, Tb3+)/β-diketone modified mesoporous sba-15/organic polymer hybrids: Chemically bonded construction, physical characterization, and photophysical properties. Inorg. Chem. 2009, 48, 8276. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wang, L.; Li, B.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, L.; Zhao, H. Fabrication and characterization of a fluorescent sensor based on Rh 6G-functionlized silica nanoparticles for nitrite ion detection. Sens. Actuators B 2012, 171–172, 946. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, J.; Li, B.; Zhang, L.; Jiang, H. An optical sensor for Cu(II) detection with upconverting luminescent nanoparticles as an excitation source. Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 4860. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xie, X.; Chen, X.; Li, B.; Zhang, L. Study on a highly selective colorimetric chemosensor for Cu2+ detection and its indirect sensing for hypochlorite. Dye. Pigment. 2013, 98, 433. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yang, Y.; Gao, C.; Li, B.; Xu, L.; Duan, L. A rhodamine-based colorimetric and reversible fluorescent chemosensor for selectively detection of Cu2+ and Hg2+ ions. Sens. Actuators B 2014, 199, 121. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Name | Sensitivity | Sensing Type | Linearity | LOD | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
UCNPs@SiO2-RHO | 5.67 | quenching | linear | 2.2 μM | this work |
UCNPs&RB-hydrazide | ~2.9 | ratiometric | linear | 10−6 M | [26] |
Si-RH | ~2.2 | emission turn on | linear | 2.7 nM | [23] |
CS1 | ~0.4 | absorption turn on | linear | N/A | [27] |
RbCS | N/A | emission turn on | non-linear | N/A | [28] |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Wu, W.; Wei, W.; Xu, D.; Liu, Y.; Li, J.; Gan, K.; Liu, L. Upconversion Nanoparticles Encapsulated with Amorphous Silica and Their Emission Quenching by FRET: A Nanosensor Excited by NIR for Mercury Detection. Crystals 2021, 11, 104. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11020104
Wu W, Wei W, Xu D, Liu Y, Li J, Gan K, Liu L. Upconversion Nanoparticles Encapsulated with Amorphous Silica and Their Emission Quenching by FRET: A Nanosensor Excited by NIR for Mercury Detection. Crystals. 2021; 11(2):104. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11020104
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Wei, Wei Wei, Dingli Xu, Yunpeng Liu, Jin Li, Kaifeng Gan, and Liang Liu. 2021. "Upconversion Nanoparticles Encapsulated with Amorphous Silica and Their Emission Quenching by FRET: A Nanosensor Excited by NIR for Mercury Detection" Crystals 11, no. 2: 104. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11020104