Effect of Solvent and Catalyst Types on Stability and Properties of Zinc Phthalocyanine in the Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials

Popanda, Barbara; Środa, Marcin; Cholewa-Kowalska, Katarzyna

doi:10.3390/cryst11060592

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Solvent and Catalyst Types on Stability and Properties of Zinc Phthalocyanine in the Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials

by

Barbara Popanda

^*

,

Marcin Środa

and

Katarzyna Cholewa-Kowalska

Department of Glass Technology and Amorphous Coatings, Faculty of Engineering Materials and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Crystals 2021, 11(6), 592; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11060592

Submission received: 22 April 2021 / Revised: 21 May 2021 / Accepted: 21 May 2021 / Published: 24 May 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Glass-Ceramics)

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Abstract

Hybrid materials, i.e., the organically modified silicates (ORMOSIL) based on zincphthalocyanine (ZnPc) and silica glass matrix were synthesized by the sol-gel method using protic solvents (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol) and aprotic solvent (N,N-dimethylformamide; DMF). The effect of an alkaline environment with NaOH addition (a single-stage process) and acid–alkaline environment with CH₃COOH-NH₄OH and HCl-NaOH (a two-stage process) was analyzed. UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to study the stability of ZnPc in the sol. The highest stability of zinc phthalocyanine in the glass was obtained for synthesis with isopropanol in the presence of the alkaline catalyst. The lowest stability of ZnPc was observed when the aprotic solvent was used. The structure and optical properties of the gels were studied by SEM, FTIR, and XRD techniques and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and thermoluminescence (TL), respectively. The thermal stability of the materials was analyzed by TG-DSC methods.

Keywords: zinc phthalocyanine; ORMOSIL; sol-gel; silica glass; protic and aprotic solvents; luminescence; thermoluminescence; TG-DSC

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MDPI and ACS Style

Popanda, B.; Środa, M.; Cholewa-Kowalska, K. Effect of Solvent and Catalyst Types on Stability and Properties of Zinc Phthalocyanine in the Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials. Crystals 2021, 11, 592. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11060592

AMA Style

Popanda B, Środa M, Cholewa-Kowalska K. Effect of Solvent and Catalyst Types on Stability and Properties of Zinc Phthalocyanine in the Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials. Crystals. 2021; 11(6):592. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11060592

Chicago/Turabian Style

Popanda, Barbara, Marcin Środa, and Katarzyna Cholewa-Kowalska. 2021. "Effect of Solvent and Catalyst Types on Stability and Properties of Zinc Phthalocyanine in the Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials" Crystals 11, no. 6: 592. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11060592

APA Style

Popanda, B., Środa, M., & Cholewa-Kowalska, K. (2021). Effect of Solvent and Catalyst Types on Stability and Properties of Zinc Phthalocyanine in the Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials. Crystals, 11(6), 592. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11060592

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Effect of Solvent and Catalyst Types on Stability and Properties of Zinc Phthalocyanine in the Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials

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