Experimental Study on the Influence of Dry–Wet Cycles on the Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Fiber-Modified Lime and Fly Ash-Stabilized Iron Tailings at Early Curing Age
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Test Scheme
2.3. Sample Production
- (1)
- The iron tailings and clay were dried and crushed, and then passed through a 2 mm sieve plate to obtain iron tailings and clay less than 2 mm. We weighed a certain proportion of lime, fly ash, fiber, clay and iron tailings according to the test scheme, mixed the dry mixture evenly, and then added water to mix evenly to obtain the mixture, and put the mixture into plastic bags for 24 h.
- (2)
- After 24 h, we weighed the mixture of a certain quality and put it into the test mold coated with lubricant three times, and placed the upper and lower cushion blocks. Then, we placed the whole test mold on the pressure testing machine, applied pressure at the loading rate of 1 mm/min until the upper and lower cushion blocks were pressed into the top of the test mold, maintained the pressure for 2 min, released the pressure and removed the test mold.
- (3)
- We placed the test mold on the demolder and took out the sample. We wrapped the sample with plastic film and put it into the standard curing box for curing. The curing temperature was 20 ± 2 °C and the relative humidity was more than 95%.
- (4)
- After reaching the curing age of 7 days, the dry–wet cycle should be carried out. We first took out the sample, soaked it in water for 12 h, and then dried it naturally for 12 h. This is a dry–wet cycle. The method of natural air drying was to lay a layer of dry sand on the box, put a towel on the sand, and put the sample on the towel for air drying. When the number of dry and wet cycles reached the target number, we immersed the sample in water for 24 h and then conducted the test. The sample preparation process is shown in Figure 4.
2.4. Sample Method
2.4.1. UCS Test
2.4.2. Splitting Tensile Strength Test
2.4.3. Dynamic Triaxial Test
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Effect of Dry–Wet Cycles on Unconfined Compressive Strength
3.2. Effect of Dry–Wet Cycles on Splitting Compressive Strength
3.3. Influence of Dry–Wet Cycles on Dynamic Characteristics
3.3.1. Effect of Dry–Wet Cycles on Dynamic Elastic Modulus Ed
3.3.2. Effect of Dry–Wet Cycles on Damping Ratio λ
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The UCS of EIT and FEIT decreased after a dry–wet cycle, and then gradually increased and stabilized. Under different dry–wet cycles, the UCS of FEIT is greater than that of EIT, and the dry–wet cycles promote the UCS of FEIT.
- (2)
- The splitting strength of EIT and FEIT increased with the number of dry–wet cycles. The tensile strength of FEIT is better than that of EIT, and the dry–wet cycles only play a small role in promoting the splitting strength of FEIT.
- (3)
- The dynamic stress of EIT and FEIT increased after seven dry–wet cycles. The dry–wet cycle is the main factor affecting the change in the dynamic elastic modulus of EIT and FEIT. Under the same confining pressure, the dynamic elastic modulus of EIT first increases and then decreases with the increase in dry–wet cycle times. On the contrary, the dynamic elastic modulus of FEIT first decreases and then increases with the increase in dry–wet cycle times. After seven dry–wet cycles, FEIT has better resistance to dynamic load deformation than EIT. The damping ratio of EIT and FEIT decreases with the increase in dry–wet cycles, and then tends to be stable. The damping ratio of FEIT is greater than that of EIT, and the dry–wet cycles can promote the vibration resistance of FEIT.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Component | CaO | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | MgO | Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Content (%) | 89.4 | 0.25 | 0.18 | 1.76 | 8.41 |
Component | CaO | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | SiO2 | Burn Vector | Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Content (%) | 8.86 | 25.31 | 12.44 | 35.56 | 4.52 | 13.31 |
Component | Fe2O3 | Al2O3 | SiO2 | CaO | MgO | Nb2O5 | K2O | Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Content (%) | 22.94 | 4.31 | 21.15 | 24.78 | 6.59 | 6.89 | 2.45 | 10.89 |
Component | Fe2O3 | Al2O3 | SiO2 | CaO | Nb2O5 | K2O | Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Content (%) | 15.63 | 13.47 | 50.25 | 2.54 | 5.78 | 5.67 | 6.66 |
Fiber Type | Diameter (μm) | Length (mm) | Density (g/cm3) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Elastic Modulus (GPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Polypropylene fiber | 18~48 | 6 | 0.91 | >350 | >3.85 |
NO | Curing Age (d) | Dry–Wet Cycles | Test Type | Loading Rate/mm·min−1 | Confining Pressure/kPa | Number of Dynamic Load Cycles |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EIT, FEIT | 7 | 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 | UCS test | 1 | — | — |
Splitting tensile test | 1 | — | — | |||
Dynamic triaxial test | — | 100, 200, 300, 400 | 1000 |
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Jiang, P.; Zhou, X.; Qian, J.; Li, N. Experimental Study on the Influence of Dry–Wet Cycles on the Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Fiber-Modified Lime and Fly Ash-Stabilized Iron Tailings at Early Curing Age. Crystals 2022, 12, 568. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12050568
Jiang P, Zhou X, Qian J, Li N. Experimental Study on the Influence of Dry–Wet Cycles on the Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Fiber-Modified Lime and Fly Ash-Stabilized Iron Tailings at Early Curing Age. Crystals. 2022; 12(5):568. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12050568
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiang, Ping, Xuhui Zhou, Jian Qian, and Na Li. 2022. "Experimental Study on the Influence of Dry–Wet Cycles on the Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Fiber-Modified Lime and Fly Ash-Stabilized Iron Tailings at Early Curing Age" Crystals 12, no. 5: 568. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12050568
APA StyleJiang, P., Zhou, X., Qian, J., & Li, N. (2022). Experimental Study on the Influence of Dry–Wet Cycles on the Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Fiber-Modified Lime and Fly Ash-Stabilized Iron Tailings at Early Curing Age. Crystals, 12(5), 568. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12050568