CERI, CEFX, and CPI: Largely Improved Positive Controls for Testing Antigen-Specific T Cell Function in PBMC Compared to CEF

Lehmann, Alexander A.; Reche, Pedro A.; Zhang, Ting; Suwansaard, Maneewan; Lehmann, Paul V.

doi:10.3390/cells10020248

Open AccessArticle

CERI, CEFX, and CPI: Largely Improved Positive Controls for Testing Antigen-Specific T Cell Function in PBMC Compared to CEF

by

Alexander A. Lehmann

¹,

Pedro A. Reche

²

,

Ting Zhang

¹,

Maneewan Suwansaard

¹ and

Paul V. Lehmann

^1,*

¹

Cellular Technology Ltd., Shaker Heights, OH 44122, USA

²

Laboratorio de Inmunomedicina & Inmunoinformatica, Departamento de Inmunologia & O2, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Cells 2021, 10(2), 248; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10020248

Submission received: 12 November 2020 / Revised: 21 December 2020 / Accepted: 14 January 2021 / Published: 27 January 2021

(This article belongs to the Collection Feature Papers in ‘Cellular Immunology’)

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Abstract

Monitoring antigen-specific T cell immunity relies on functional tests that require T cells and antigen presenting cells to be uncompromised. Drawing of blood, its storage and shipment from the clinical site to the test laboratory, and the subsequent isolation, cryopreservation and thawing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) before the actual test is performed can introduce numerous variables that may jeopardize the results. Therefore, no T cell test is valid without assessing the functional fitness of the PBMC being utilized. This can only be accomplished through the inclusion of positive controls that actually evaluate the performance of the antigen-specific T cell and antigen presenting cell (APC) compartments. For Caucasians, CEF peptides have been commonly used to this extent. Moreover, CEF peptides only measure CD8 cell functionality. We introduce here universal CD8+ T cell positive controls without any racial bias, as well as positive controls for the CD4+ T cell and APC compartments. In summary, we offer new tools and strategies for the assessment of PBMC functional fitness required for reliable T cell immune monitoring.

Keywords: T cell immune monitoring; CD8+ T cell immunity; CD4+ T cell immunity; antigen presenting cell functionality; PBMC fitness; immune dominance; T cell determinant; aleatory T cell recognition; ELISPOT; FluoroSpot; ImmunoSpot; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lehmann, A.A.; Reche, P.A.; Zhang, T.; Suwansaard, M.; Lehmann, P.V. CERI, CEFX, and CPI: Largely Improved Positive Controls for Testing Antigen-Specific T Cell Function in PBMC Compared to CEF. Cells 2021, 10, 248. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10020248

AMA Style

Lehmann AA, Reche PA, Zhang T, Suwansaard M, Lehmann PV. CERI, CEFX, and CPI: Largely Improved Positive Controls for Testing Antigen-Specific T Cell Function in PBMC Compared to CEF. Cells. 2021; 10(2):248. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10020248

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lehmann, Alexander A., Pedro A. Reche, Ting Zhang, Maneewan Suwansaard, and Paul V. Lehmann. 2021. "CERI, CEFX, and CPI: Largely Improved Positive Controls for Testing Antigen-Specific T Cell Function in PBMC Compared to CEF" Cells 10, no. 2: 248. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10020248

APA Style

Lehmann, A. A., Reche, P. A., Zhang, T., Suwansaard, M., & Lehmann, P. V. (2021). CERI, CEFX, and CPI: Largely Improved Positive Controls for Testing Antigen-Specific T Cell Function in PBMC Compared to CEF. Cells, 10(2), 248. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10020248

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CERI, CEFX, and CPI: Largely Improved Positive Controls for Testing Antigen-Specific T Cell Function in PBMC Compared to CEF

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