Clostridium Butyricum ZJU-F1 Benefits the Intestinal Barrier Function and Immune Response Associated with Its Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Weaned Piglets
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Reagents
2.2. Animals and Experiment Design
2.3. Nutrient Digestibility, Digestive Enzyme Activity, and Intestinal Morphology Assessment
2.4. Western Blot Analysis and Antibodies
2.5. RNA Isolation and qRT-PCR
2.6. Plasma D-Lactate and DAO Levels
2.7. Cell Culture
2.8. Cell Damage and Adherence Assay
2.9. Diversity Analysis of Cecal Microorganisms
2.10. Determination of Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs)
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effects of C. Butyricum ZJU-F1 on Diarrhea Rate, Apparent Digestibility, and Digestive Enzymes Activity
3.2. Effects of C. Butyricum ZJU-F1 on Intestinal Morphology
3.3. Effects of C. Butyricum ZJU-F1 on Intestinal Barrier Function
3.4. Effects of C. Butyricum ZJU-F1 on the Intestinal Immune Response
3.5. Effects of C. Butyricum ZJU-F1 on Intestinal Microbial Diversity
3.6. Effects of C. Butyricum ZJU-F1 on Cecal SCFAs
3.7. C. Butyricum ZJU-F1 Enhances the Intestinal Barrier Function and TLR-2-MyD88-NF-κB Signaling Pathway
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Item | Control | BL | CB | CB-BL |
---|---|---|---|---|
Zinc (mg Zn (ZnO)/kg) | 1.125 | 1.125 | 1.125 | 1.125 |
Antibiotics a (mg/kg) | 170 | - | - | - |
C. butyricum ZJU-F1 (CFU/kg) | - | - | 108 | 108 |
Bacillus licheniformis (CFU/kg) | - | 109 | - | 109 |
Item (Ingredient (g/kg)) | Content | Item (Nutrient Levels) b | Content |
---|---|---|---|
Maize | 567 | Digestible energy (MJ/kg) | 13.98 |
Extruded soybean | 130 | Crude protein (g/kg) | 191 |
Soybean meal | 155 | Moisture (g/kg) | 110.3 |
Sucrose | 10 | Lys (g/kg) | 13.5 |
Fish meal | 30 | Met (g/kg) | 3.0 |
Dried whey | 30 | Ca (g/kg) | 9.3 |
Spay-dried plasma protein | 10 | P (g/kg) | 6.5 |
Monocalcium phosphate | 10 | ||
Limestone | 8 | ||
Soybean oil | 10 | ||
Vitamin-trace mineral premix a | 40 |
Gene | Forward Primer (5′→3′) | Reverse Primer (5′→3′) |
---|---|---|
MUC1 | ACACCCATGGGCGCTATGT | GCCTGCAGAAACCTGCTXAT |
MUC4 | GATGCCCTGGCCACAGAA | TGATTCAAGGTAGCATTCATTTGC |
MUC20 | AGGCAGTTACAACATCCACAGAAG | CTGTAGACCATGGCCGAGAAC |
TNF-α | CCAATGGCAGAGTGGGTATG | TGAAGAGGACCTGGGAGTAG |
IL-6 | TGGCTACTGCCTTCCCTACC | CAGAGATTTTGCCGAGGATG |
IL-1β | ACAAAAGCCCGTCTTCCTG | ATGTGGACCTCTGGGTATGG |
IL-4 | GGACACAAGTGCGACATCA | GCACGTGTGGTGTCTGTA |
IL-8 | TTCGATGCCAGTGCATAAATA | CTGTACAACCTTCTGCACCCA |
IL-10 | CAGATGGGCGACTTGTTG | ACAGGGCAGAAATTGATGAC |
PR-39 | CAAGGCCACCTCCGTTTT | CCACTCCATCACCGTTTTCC |
pBD1 | TTCCTCCTCATGGTCCTGTT | AGGTGCCGATCTGTTTCATC |
pBD2 | TGTCTGCCTCCTCTCTTCC | AACAGGTCCCTTCAATCCTG |
pBD3 | CCTTCTCTTTGCCTTGCTCTT | GCCACTCACAGAACAGCTACC |
NF-κB | CTCGCACAAGGAGACATGAA | ACTCAGCCGGAAGGCATTAT |
MyD88 | TGGTAGTGGTTGTCTCTGATGA | TGGAGAGAGGCTGAGTGCAA |
TLR-2 | TCACTTGTCTAACTTATCATCCTCTTG | TCAGCGAAGGTGTCATTATTGC |
Gapdh | CGGAGTGAACGGATTTGGC | TGCCGTGGGTGGAATCATAC |
Item | Con | BL | CB | CB-BL |
---|---|---|---|---|
Actinobacillus | 2.78 ± 0.32 | 1.55 ± 1.12 | 0.63 ± 0.56 | 1.39 ± 1.16 |
Alloprevotella | 1.04 ± 0.55 | 3.10 ± 1.95 | 0.29 ± 0.22 | 1.41 ± 0.93 |
Anaerotruncus | 1.68 ± 0.48 | 2.03 ± 1.20 | 2.06 ± 1.75 | 1.01 ± 0.37 |
Anaerovibrio | 0.89 ± 0.57 | 4.70 ± 2.38 | 1.30 ± 1.14 | 0.78 ± 0.40 |
Blautia | 1.76 ± 0.33 | 1.90 ± 0.93 | 4.27 ± 2.47 | 1.32 ± 0.29 |
Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 | 10.07 ± 2.82 | 12.79 ± 8.34 | 17.71 ± 12.80 | 5.67 ± 0.64 |
Coprococcus | 4.94 ± 1.63 | 3.56 ± 0.89 | 1.70 ± 0.95 | 3.37 ± 1.55 |
Dorea | 4.23 ± 3.87 | 1.65 ± 0.83 | 1.31 ± 2.08 | 1.47 ± 0.96 |
Erysipelotrichaceae_incertae_sedis | 2.20 ± 1.70 | 4.67 ± 3.98 | 5.49 ± 2.13 | 0.68 ± 0.08 |
Escherichia-Shigella | 0.18 ± 0.12 | 4.62 ± 4.45 | 1.87 ± 1.32 | 10.75 ± 5.27 |
Faecalibacterium | 1.33 ± 1.07 b | 3.48 ± 1.68 ab | 4.53 ± 3.36 ab | 1.20 ± 1.12 b |
Lachnospiraceae_incertae_sedis | 1.54 ± 0.61 | 2.24 ± 0.56 | 5.52 ± 3.12 | 1.87 ± 1.04 |
Lachnospiraceae_unclassified | 4.66 ± 1.87 | 2.28 ± 1.06 | 1.29 ± 0.55 | 4.69 ± 0.69 |
Lactobacillus | 1.78 ± 0.62 b | 3.95 ± 0.81 b | 4.32 ± 0.17 b | 15.55 ± 2.13 a |
Leeia | 1.61 ± 0.51 | 2.94 ± 2.27 | 9.27 ± 6.61 | 3.49 ± 1.76 |
Phascolarctobacterium | 5.18 ± 2.56 a | 1.05 ± 0.54 b | 0.28 ± 0.23 b | 0.60 ± 0.29 b |
Pseudobutyrivibrio | 3.01 ± 1.57 | 3.22 ± 0.80 | 4.87 ± 4.70 | 1.85 ± 0.36 |
Roseburia | 1.13 ± 0.68 | 2.72 ± 0.78 | 3.33 ± 3.26 | 1.27 ± 0.53 |
Ruminococcaceae_unclassified | 2.44 ± 0.66 | 4.94 ± 0.50 | 0.73 ± 0.06 | 1.23 ± 0.27 |
Ruminococcaceae_uncultured | 15.34 ± 3.04 | 5.03 ± 3.27 | 4.95 ± 2.61 | 18.16 ± 3.77 |
Streptococcus | 0.72 ± 0.21 | 3.10 ± 2.76 | 3.15 ± 0.58 | 1.91 ± 1.32 |
Subdoligranulum | 3.49 ± 1.29 | 2.45 ± 0.90 | 2.49 ± 1.08 | 5.23 ± 2.60 |
Other | 27.94 ± 4.53 | 21.99 ± 3.56 | 18.59 ± 7.35 | 15.04 ± 7.35 |
Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
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Fu, J.; Wang, T.; Xiao, X.; Cheng, Y.; Wang, F.; Jin, M.; Wang, Y.; Zong, X. Clostridium Butyricum ZJU-F1 Benefits the Intestinal Barrier Function and Immune Response Associated with Its Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Weaned Piglets. Cells 2021, 10, 527. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10030527
Fu J, Wang T, Xiao X, Cheng Y, Wang F, Jin M, Wang Y, Zong X. Clostridium Butyricum ZJU-F1 Benefits the Intestinal Barrier Function and Immune Response Associated with Its Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Weaned Piglets. Cells. 2021; 10(3):527. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10030527
Chicago/Turabian StyleFu, Jie, Tenghao Wang, Xiao Xiao, Yuanzhi Cheng, Fengqin Wang, Mingliang Jin, Yizhen Wang, and Xin Zong. 2021. "Clostridium Butyricum ZJU-F1 Benefits the Intestinal Barrier Function and Immune Response Associated with Its Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Weaned Piglets" Cells 10, no. 3: 527. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10030527