Prostaglandin 2α Promotes Autophagy and Mitochondrial Energy Production in Fish Hepatocytes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cell Culture and Treatments
2.2. RNA Interference and Inhibitor Treatment
2.3. LD Staining
2.4. Immunofluorescence Staining
2.5. PG Analysis
2.6. Lysosomal and Mitochondrial Staining
2.7. Triglyceride (TG), Free Fatty Acid, and Glycerol Content
2.8. ATP Determination
2.9. Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR)
2.10. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Content Assay
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Serum Starvation Induces Autophagy, Lipid Depletion, and Mitochondrial Energy Production in ZFL Cells
3.2. Serum Starvation Induces COX Activity in ZFL Cells
3.3. COX Pathway Is Implicated in Serum Starvation-Induced Autophagy and LD Degradation in ZFL Cells
3.4. PGF2α Promotes Autophagy in ZFL Cells
3.5. PGF2α Promotes Mitochondrial Energy Production in ZFL Cells
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Tian, J.; Du, Y.; Yu, E.; Lei, C.; Xia, Y.; Jiang, P.; Li, H.; Zhang, K.; Li, Z.; Gong, W.; et al. Prostaglandin 2α Promotes Autophagy and Mitochondrial Energy Production in Fish Hepatocytes. Cells 2022, 11, 1870. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11121870
Tian J, Du Y, Yu E, Lei C, Xia Y, Jiang P, Li H, Zhang K, Li Z, Gong W, et al. Prostaglandin 2α Promotes Autophagy and Mitochondrial Energy Production in Fish Hepatocytes. Cells. 2022; 11(12):1870. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11121870
Chicago/Turabian StyleTian, Jingjing, Yihui Du, Ermeng Yu, Caixia Lei, Yun Xia, Peng Jiang, Hongyan Li, Kai Zhang, Zhifei Li, Wangbao Gong, and et al. 2022. "Prostaglandin 2α Promotes Autophagy and Mitochondrial Energy Production in Fish Hepatocytes" Cells 11, no. 12: 1870. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11121870