Effect of Oak Powdery Mildew on Ascorbate–Glutathione Cycle and Other Antioxidants in Plant—Erysiphe alphitoides Interaction
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Collecting Materials and Designing Experiments
2.2. Leaves Moisture Content Measurements
2.3. Metal Content Determination
2.4. Determination of Ascorbate–Glutathione Cycle Enzymes Activities
2.5. Protein Content Assay
2.6. Ascorbate Pool Determination
2.7. Glutathione Pool Determination
2.8. Determination of Different Phenolic Compounds Content
2.9. Determination of Lignin Content and Histochemical Detection
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effect of Oak Powdery Mildew on the Moisture Content of Oak Leaves
3.2. Changes in Metal Contents
3.3. Effect of E. alphitoides Infection on the Activities of Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle Enzymes
3.4. Infection-Related Changes in the Ascorbate and Glutathione Pools
3.5. Changes in Lignin Content
3.6. Changes in Different Phenolic Contents
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Attribute | Value | Analytical Method | Analytical Procedure |
---|---|---|---|
pH in H2O | 5.6 | Potentiometric | PB 01 ed. 1 (14 May 2004) |
Acidity in NaCl (g dm3 soil) | 0.8 | Conductometric | PB 02 ed. 2 (10 May 2016) |
Available nutrients [mg dm3 soil] | |||
N-NO3 | 41.0 | Potentiometric | PB 02 ed. 1 (14 May 2004) |
N-NH4 | 21.0 | Potentiometric | PB 02 ed. 1 (14 May 2004) |
P (P2O5) | 43.6 | Spectrophotometric | PB 02 ed. 1 (14 May 2004) |
K (K2O) | 146 | Atomic emission spectroscopy | PB 04 ed. 1 (21 May 2004) |
Mg | 492 | Atomic absorption spectroscopy | PB 05 ed. 1 (28 May 2004) |
Mn | 3.5 | Atomic absorption spectroscopy | PB 05 ed. 1 (28 May 2004) |
Cu | 2.6 | Atomic absorption spectroscopy | PB 09 ed. 1 (5 May 2004) |
Zn | 4.6 | Atomic absorption spectroscopy | PB 09 ed. 1 (5 May 2004) |
Fe | 41.4 | Atomic absorption spectroscopy | PB 09 ed. 1 (5 May 2004) |
Ca | 679 | Atomic emission spectroscopy | PB 04 ed. 1 (21 May 2004) |
Ascorbate Pool | Time | Plant Variants | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
[μmol g−1FW] | Month | C | <5% Inf | 12–15% Inf | 25% Inf |
AsA + DHA | July | 26.1 ± 1.2 a | 27.4 ± 1.0 a | 31.6 ± 1.0 bc | ˗ |
August | 44.7 ± 3.1 e | 34.3 ± 2.1 c | 47.7 ± 1.8 f | 59.3 ± 2.3 g | |
September | 31.3 ± 2.0 b | 39.3 ± 1.5 d | 28.3 ± 1.0 a | 33.5 ± 2.9 bc | |
AsA | July | 20.6 ± 3.6 ab | 20.7 ± 1.6 ab | 25.72 ± 3.2 c | ˗ |
August | 32.5 ± 1.0 e | 25.4 ± 2.5 c | 28.97 ± 2.2 d | 32.8 ± 2.1 e | |
September | 21.1 ± 2.5 ab | 22.9 ± 3.1 bc | 19.58 ± 1.22 a | 20.2 ± 1.7 ab | |
DHA | July | 5.5 ± 0.7 a | 6.7 ± 1.2 ab | 5.9 ± 1.9 ab | ˗ |
August | 12.2 ± 1.0 de | 8.8 ± 2.1 bc | 18.7 ± 1.2 f | 26.5 ± 1.6 g | |
September | 10.2 ± 1.5 cd | 16.4 ± 1.2 f | 8.7 ± 0.4 bc | 13.4 ± 0.8 e |
Glutathione Pool | Time | Plant Variants | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
[μmol g−1FW] | Month | C | <5% Inf | 12–15% Inf | 25% Inf |
GSH + GSSG | July | 30.5 ± 0.5 c | 40.7 ± 2.8 d | 51.1 ± 0.6 e | ˗ |
August | 33.1 ± 0.7 c | 30.0 ± 0.8 bc | 61.4 ± 0.6 f | 21.2 ± 0.6 a | |
September | 26.8 ± 2.8 abc | 23.7 ± 1.2 ab | 70.1 ± 5.9 g | 52.0 ± 1.3 e | |
GSH | July | 28.8 ± 0.4 cd | 33.3 ± 2.8 def | 47.8 ± 0.6 g | ˗ |
August | 30.8 ± 0.7 cde | 26.2 ± 0.7 bc | 36.1 ± 0.5 ef | 20.5 ± 0.5 ab | |
September | 17.9 ± 2.9 a | 19.9 ± 1.3 ab | 54.5 ± 5.9 h | 37.4 ± 1.4 f | |
GSSG | July | 1.6 ± 0.1 b | 7.4 ± 0.1 f | 3.3 ± 0.1 d | ˗ |
August | 2.3 ± 0.1 c | 3.9 ± 0.1 e | 25.3 ± 0.1 j | 0.7 ± 0.1 a | |
September | 8.9 ± 0.1 g | 3.8 ± 0.1 e | 15.7 ± 0.1 i | 14.5 ± 0.1 h |
Phenolic Compounds | Time | Plant Variants | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | C | <5% Inf | 12–15% Inf | 25% Inf | |
Total phenols | July | 18.5 ± 1.0 a | 19.7 ± 1.2 ab | 22.8 ± 1.2 bc | ˗ |
[mg g−1FW] | August | 30.4 ± 1.0 e | 24.6 ± 1.1 cd | 18.5 ± 1.1 a | 24.6 ± 1.1 cd |
September | 24.9 ± 1.3 d | 24.6 ± 1.4 cd | 17.6 ± 1.1 a | 22.7 ± 1.2 bc | |
Phenylpropanoids | July | 16.4 ± 1.0 abc | 14.7 ± 1.2 a | 20.9 ± 1.4 e | ˗ |
[mg g−1FW] | August | 21.5 ± 1.1 de | 20.5 ± 0.7 de | 16.5 ± 1.4 abc | 17.5 ± 1.7 abc |
September | 19.0 ± 0.7 cde | 17.9 ± 1.4 bcd | 15.0 ± 0.8 ab | 16.1 ± 0.8 ab | |
Flavonoids | July | 160 ± 4 a | 140 ± 7 a | 330 ± 18 b | ˗ |
[μg g−1FW] | August | 330 ± 74 b | 180 ± 10 a | 190 ± 10 a | 200 ± 11 a |
September | 180 ± 12 a | 170 ± 10 a | 110 ± 13 a | 130 ± 10 a | |
Anthocyanin | July | 5.9 ± 1.3 ab | 7.4 ± 1.0 bc | 4.5 ± 1.0 a | ˗ |
[μg g−1FW] | August | 5.6 ± 1.1 ab | 5.2 ± 0.9 ab | 7.9 ± 1.3 bc | 7.9 ± 1.3 bc |
September | 5.5 ± 1.1 ab | 8.9 ± 1.3 c | 5.8 ± 1.3 ab | 7.1 ± 0.8 abc |
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Skwarek-Fadecka, M.; Nawrocka, J.; Sieczyńska, K.; Patykowski, J.; Posmyk, M.M. Effect of Oak Powdery Mildew on Ascorbate–Glutathione Cycle and Other Antioxidants in Plant—Erysiphe alphitoides Interaction. Cells 2024, 13, 1035. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13121035
Skwarek-Fadecka M, Nawrocka J, Sieczyńska K, Patykowski J, Posmyk MM. Effect of Oak Powdery Mildew on Ascorbate–Glutathione Cycle and Other Antioxidants in Plant—Erysiphe alphitoides Interaction. Cells. 2024; 13(12):1035. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13121035
Chicago/Turabian StyleSkwarek-Fadecka, Monika, Justyna Nawrocka, Katarzyna Sieczyńska, Jacek Patykowski, and Małgorzata Maria Posmyk. 2024. "Effect of Oak Powdery Mildew on Ascorbate–Glutathione Cycle and Other Antioxidants in Plant—Erysiphe alphitoides Interaction" Cells 13, no. 12: 1035. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13121035