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Sequence of Molecular Events in the Development of Alzheimer’s Disease: Cascade Interactions from Beta-Amyloid to Other Involved Proteins
by
Soghra Bagheri
Soghra Bagheri 1,*,
Ali Akbar Saboury
Ali Akbar Saboury 2
and
Luciano Saso
Luciano Saso 3
1
Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415185, Iran
2
Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
3
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cells 2024, 13(15), 1293; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13151293 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 11 June 2024
/
Revised: 26 July 2024
/
Accepted: 30 July 2024
/
Published: 31 July 2024
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is the primary neurodegenerative disease affecting the elderly population. Despite the first description of its pathology over a century ago, its precise cause and molecular mechanism remain unknown. Numerous factors, including beta-amyloid, tau protein, the APOEε4 gene, and different metals, have been extensively investigated in relation to this disease. However, none of them have been proven to have a decisive causal relationship. Furthermore, no single theory has successfully integrated these puzzle pieces thus far. In this review article, we propose the most probable molecular mechanism for AD, which clearly shows the relationship between the main aspects of the disease, and addresses fundamental questions such as: Why is aging the major risk factor for the disease? Are amyloid plaques and tau tangles the causes or consequences of AD? Why are the distributions of senile plaques and tau tangles in the brain different and independent of each other? Why is the APOEε4 gene a risk factor for AD? Finally, why is the disease more prevalent in women?
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MDPI and ACS Style
Bagheri, S.; Saboury, A.A.; Saso, L.
Sequence of Molecular Events in the Development of Alzheimer’s Disease: Cascade Interactions from Beta-Amyloid to Other Involved Proteins. Cells 2024, 13, 1293.
https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13151293
AMA Style
Bagheri S, Saboury AA, Saso L.
Sequence of Molecular Events in the Development of Alzheimer’s Disease: Cascade Interactions from Beta-Amyloid to Other Involved Proteins. Cells. 2024; 13(15):1293.
https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13151293
Chicago/Turabian Style
Bagheri, Soghra, Ali Akbar Saboury, and Luciano Saso.
2024. "Sequence of Molecular Events in the Development of Alzheimer’s Disease: Cascade Interactions from Beta-Amyloid to Other Involved Proteins" Cells 13, no. 15: 1293.
https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13151293
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