The Impact of Maternal Nanoplastic and Microplastic Particle Exposure on Mammal’s Offspring
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. The Impact of Prenatal Exposure to NPl/MPl on the Offspring of Mammals
3.1. The Iimpact of Prenatal NPl/MPl Exposure on the Central NervousSystem and Retina of Mammalian Offspring (Table 1)
Material | Design | Size | Species/Stage | Effects | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PS | Prenatal oral ingestion | 0.1 μm NPl + 1 μm MPl |
|
| [49] |
PS | Prenatal and postpartum oral ingestion | 0.05 μm NPl |
|
| [38] |
PS | Prenatal and postpartum oral ingestion | 0.193 μm MPl and 0.04 μm NPl |
|
| [48] |
PE | Prenatal oral ingestion | 10–20 μm MPl |
|
| [50] |
PS | Prenatal and lactation oral ingestion | 0.05 μm NPl |
|
| [51] |
The impact of prenatal NPl/MPl exposure on the retina of mammalian offspring | |||||
PS | Prenatal and lactation oral ingestion | 0.1 μm NPl |
|
| [52] |
3.2. The Impact of Prenatal NPl/MPl Exposure on the Liver and Metabolism of Mammalian Offspring (Table 2)
Material | Design | Size | Species/Stage | Effects | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PS | Prenatal oral ingestion | 0.5 μm NPl and 5 μm MPl |
|
| [41] |
PS | Prenatal oral ingestion | 5 μm MPl |
|
| [53] |
PS | Prenatal intra-tracheal ingestion | 0.02 μm NPl |
|
| [37] |
PS | Prenatal and postpartum oral ingestion | 0.1 μm NPl |
|
| [44] |
PS | Prenatal and postpartum oral ingestion | 5 μm MPl |
|
| [34] |
PS | Prenatal inhalation | ≈0.07 μm NPl |
|
| [54] |
3.3. The Effects of Prenatal NPl/MPl Exposure on the Intestines of Mammalian Offspring (Table 3)
Material | Design | Size | Species/Stage | Effects | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PS | Prenatal oral ingestion | 0.08 μm NPl |
|
| [55] |
PS | Prenatal oral ingestion | 5 μm MPl |
|
| [53] |
3.4. The Effects of Prenatal NPl/MPl Exposure on the Reproductive System of Mammalian Offspring (Table 4)
Material | Design | Size | Species/Stage | Effects | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PS | Prenatal and postpartum oral ingestion | 0.5 μm NPl |
|
| [59] |
PS | Prenatal and postpartum oral ingestion | 0.1 μm NPl |
|
| [44] |
PE | Prenatal and postpartum oral ingestion | 10–150 μm MPl |
|
| [60] |
PS | F0 exposure at lactational stage | 1 μm MPl |
|
| [61] |
3.5. The Effects of Prenatal NPl Exposure on the Skeletal Muscle System of Mammalian Offspring (Table 5)
Material | Design | Size | Species/Stage | Effects | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PS | Prenatal oral ingestion | 0.1 μm NPl |
|
| [45] |
3.6. Limitations and Future Research Directions
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Yu, H.-R.; Sheen, J.-M.; Tiao, M.-M. The Impact of Maternal Nanoplastic and Microplastic Particle Exposure on Mammal’s Offspring. Cells 2024, 13, 1380. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13161380
Yu H-R, Sheen J-M, Tiao M-M. The Impact of Maternal Nanoplastic and Microplastic Particle Exposure on Mammal’s Offspring. Cells. 2024; 13(16):1380. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13161380
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu, Hong-Ren, Jiunn-Ming Sheen, and Mao-Meng Tiao. 2024. "The Impact of Maternal Nanoplastic and Microplastic Particle Exposure on Mammal’s Offspring" Cells 13, no. 16: 1380. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13161380