Small Extracellular Vesicles and Oral Mucosa: The Power Couple in Regenerative Therapies?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Technologies Used for Mucosa-Derived sEVs Processing
2.1. Isolation
2.2. Analysis
3. Applications
3.1. Selected Applications of sEVs of Various Origin
3.2. Documented Applications of Oral Mucosa-Derived sEVs
3.3. Possible Challenges Associated with Using Oral Mucosa-Derived sEVs for Regenerative Purposes
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Source of sEVs (Culture Media) | Type of Isolation | Main Types of Analysis | References |
---|---|---|---|
Gingival, bone marrow and skin MSCs | Density gradient differential centrifugation | TEM Western blot | [83] |
Clinical-grade oral mucosal epithelial cell sheets | Size exclusion chromatography | TEM Uptake assay Western blot | [17] |
Gingival MSCs | Ultracentrifugation | NTA TEM | [85,86,87] |
Uptake assay | [87] | ||
Western blot | [85,86] | ||
Ultracentrifugation with additional ultrafiltration | NTA TEM | [88] | |
Kit for isolation | TEM Western blot | [92] | |
Idiopathic gingival fibroma fibroblasts | Kit for isolation | TEM | [90] |
Normal oral keratinocytes | Ultracentrifugation | Isolating RNA or/and DNA NTA Uptake assay Western blot | [78] |
OKF6/TERT2 cells | Ultracentrifugation | Isolating RNA or/and DNA TEM | [79] |
Oral keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts | Size exclusion chromatography | TEM Uptake assay Western blot | [18] |
Oral mucosa epithelial cells | Ultracentrifugation | Isolating RNA or/and DNA NTA TEM Western blot | [80] |
Oral mucosa lamina propria-progenitor cells | Kit for isolation | FACS NTA | [91] |
Oral mucosal MSCs | Density gradient differential centrifugation | TEM | [84] |
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Borowiec, B.M.; Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska, M.; Bukowska, D.; Nowicki, M.; Budna-Tukan, J. Small Extracellular Vesicles and Oral Mucosa: The Power Couple in Regenerative Therapies? Cells 2024, 13, 1514. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13181514
Borowiec BM, Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska M, Bukowska D, Nowicki M, Budna-Tukan J. Small Extracellular Vesicles and Oral Mucosa: The Power Couple in Regenerative Therapies? Cells. 2024; 13(18):1514. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13181514
Chicago/Turabian StyleBorowiec, Blanka Maria, Marta Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska, Dorota Bukowska, Michał Nowicki, and Joanna Budna-Tukan. 2024. "Small Extracellular Vesicles and Oral Mucosa: The Power Couple in Regenerative Therapies?" Cells 13, no. 18: 1514. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13181514