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Article

Decellularized Bovine Skeletal Muscle Scaffolds: Structural Characterization and Preliminary Cytocompatibility Evaluation

by
Luana Félix de Melo
1,†,
Gustavo Henrique Doná Rodrigues Almeida
1,*,†,
Felipe Rici Azarias
2,
Ana Claudia Oliveira Carreira
1,3,
Claudete Astolfi-Ferreira
4,
Antônio José Piantino Ferreira
4,
Eliana de Souza Bastos Mazuqueli Pereira
5,
Karina Torres Pomini
5,
Marcela Vialogo Marques de Castro
5,
Laira Mireli Dias Silva
5,
Durvanei Augusto Maria
6 and
Rose Eli Grassi Rici
1,5
1
Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil
2
Graduate Program of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil
3
Center of Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-170, Brazil
4
Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil
5
Graduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Postgraduate Department, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, Brazil
6
Development and Innovation Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05585-000, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Cells 2024, 13(8), 688; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13080688
Submission received: 16 March 2024 / Revised: 9 April 2024 / Accepted: 11 April 2024 / Published: 16 April 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Tissues and Organs)
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Abstract

Skeletal muscle degeneration is responsible for major mobility complications, and this muscle type has little regenerative capacity. Several biomaterials have been proposed to induce muscle regeneration and function restoration. Decellularized scaffolds present biological properties that allow efficient cell culture, providing a suitable microenvironment for artificial construct development and being an alternative for in vitro muscle culture. For translational purposes, biomaterials derived from large animals are an interesting and unexplored source for muscle scaffold production. Therefore, this study aimed to produce and characterize bovine muscle scaffolds to be applied to muscle cell 3D cultures. Bovine muscle fragments were immersed in decellularizing solutions for 7 days. Decellularization efficiency, structure, composition, and three-dimensionality were evaluated. Bovine fetal myoblasts were cultured on the scaffolds for 10 days to attest cytocompatibility. Decellularization was confirmed by DAPI staining and DNA quantification. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis attested to the preservation of main ECM components. SEM analysis demonstrated that the 3D structure was maintained. In addition, after 10 days, fetal myoblasts were able to adhere and proliferate on the scaffolds, attesting to their cytocompatibility. These data, even preliminary, infer that generated bovine muscular scaffolds were well structured, with preserved composition and allowed cell culture. This study demonstrated that biomaterials derived from bovine muscle could be used in tissue engineering.
Keywords: skeletal muscle; tissue engineering; muscle regeneration; scaffolds; biomaterials skeletal muscle; tissue engineering; muscle regeneration; scaffolds; biomaterials

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MDPI and ACS Style

de Melo, L.F.; Almeida, G.H.D.R.; Azarias, F.R.; Carreira, A.C.O.; Astolfi-Ferreira, C.; Ferreira, A.J.P.; Pereira, E.d.S.B.M.; Pomini, K.T.; Marques de Castro, M.V.; Silva, L.M.D.; et al. Decellularized Bovine Skeletal Muscle Scaffolds: Structural Characterization and Preliminary Cytocompatibility Evaluation. Cells 2024, 13, 688. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13080688

AMA Style

de Melo LF, Almeida GHDR, Azarias FR, Carreira ACO, Astolfi-Ferreira C, Ferreira AJP, Pereira EdSBM, Pomini KT, Marques de Castro MV, Silva LMD, et al. Decellularized Bovine Skeletal Muscle Scaffolds: Structural Characterization and Preliminary Cytocompatibility Evaluation. Cells. 2024; 13(8):688. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13080688

Chicago/Turabian Style

de Melo, Luana Félix, Gustavo Henrique Doná Rodrigues Almeida, Felipe Rici Azarias, Ana Claudia Oliveira Carreira, Claudete Astolfi-Ferreira, Antônio José Piantino Ferreira, Eliana de Souza Bastos Mazuqueli Pereira, Karina Torres Pomini, Marcela Vialogo Marques de Castro, Laira Mireli Dias Silva, and et al. 2024. "Decellularized Bovine Skeletal Muscle Scaffolds: Structural Characterization and Preliminary Cytocompatibility Evaluation" Cells 13, no. 8: 688. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13080688

APA Style

de Melo, L. F., Almeida, G. H. D. R., Azarias, F. R., Carreira, A. C. O., Astolfi-Ferreira, C., Ferreira, A. J. P., Pereira, E. d. S. B. M., Pomini, K. T., Marques de Castro, M. V., Silva, L. M. D., Maria, D. A., & Rici, R. E. G. (2024). Decellularized Bovine Skeletal Muscle Scaffolds: Structural Characterization and Preliminary Cytocompatibility Evaluation. Cells, 13(8), 688. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13080688

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