Therapeutic Targeting of Cancer Stem Cells in Human Glioblastoma by Manipulating the Renin-Angiotensin System
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cells
3. Circulating Cancer Stem Cells and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
4. The Renin-Angiotensin System
5. Repurposing Drugs that Target the RAS
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Number of Glioblastoma Samples | Number of Corresponding Normal Brain Samples | Total Number of Measured Genes | Mean Fold Change (Log2) | p-Value | Sample Type | Platform | Study |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
542 | 10 | 12,624 | 2.0662 | 1.96 × 10-8 | mRNA | Human Genome U133A Array | TCGA Brain |
27 | 4 | 14,836 | 1.819 | 1.84 × 10-5 | mRNA | Not Defined | Bredel Brain 2 |
81 | 23 | 19,574 | 1.543 | 4.02 × 10-7 | mRNA | Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array | Sun Brain |
Authors | Year | Subjects | Medications | Effects |
---|---|---|---|---|
Rivera, et al. | 2001 | C6 rat glioma | Losartan | Reduction in tumor volume, decreased vascular density, mitotic index, cell proliferation |
Juillerat-Jeanneret, et al. | 2004 | Human GB cell cultures | Renin inhibitors | Induced apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells |
Arrieta, et al. | 2005 | C6 rat glioma | Losartan | Decreased tumor volume, induction of apoptosis in dose-dependent manner |
Januel, et al. | 2015 | GB patients | ACEIs, ARBs | Improved progression-free survival and overall survival in multivariate analysis |
Levin, et al. | 2017 | GB patients | Angiotensin system inhibitors (not specified) +/− bevacizumab | Improved survival, further survival advantage when renin-angiotensin system inhibitors were combined with low-dose bevacizumab |
Mihajluk, et al. | 2019 | Human GB cell cultures | Reformulated aspirin (IP1867B) | Reduction in high-grade glioma cell viability, suppressed IL6/STAT3 and NF-κB networks, reduction in IGF1 and EGFR expression, less gastrointestinal side effects compared to conventional aspirin |
Ramirez-Exposito, et al. | 2019 | Human neuroblastoma NB69, astroglioma U373-MG | Doxazosin | Concentration-dependent inhibition of cell growth, modification of proteolytic regulatory enzymes of RAS cascade |
Skaga, et al. | 2019 | Human GB stem cell cultures | Aprepitants, auranofin, captopril, celecoxib, disulfiram, itraconazole, minocycline, quetiapine, sertraline | The combination effect of CUSP9 with temozolomide was superior to temozolomide monotherapy in clinical plasma concentrations |
Ursu, et al. | 2019 | GB patients | Losartan | No difference in steroid requirement to reduce peritumoral edema |
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Tan, D.C.H.; Roth, I.M.; Wickremesekera, A.C.; Davis, P.F.; Kaye, A.H.; Mantamadiotis, T.; Stylli, S.S.; Tan, S.T. Therapeutic Targeting of Cancer Stem Cells in Human Glioblastoma by Manipulating the Renin-Angiotensin System. Cells 2019, 8, 1364. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8111364
Tan DCH, Roth IM, Wickremesekera AC, Davis PF, Kaye AH, Mantamadiotis T, Stylli SS, Tan ST. Therapeutic Targeting of Cancer Stem Cells in Human Glioblastoma by Manipulating the Renin-Angiotensin System. Cells. 2019; 8(11):1364. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8111364
Chicago/Turabian StyleTan, David C. H., Imogen M. Roth, Agadha C. Wickremesekera, Paul F. Davis, Andrew H. Kaye, Theo Mantamadiotis, Stanley S. Stylli, and Swee T. Tan. 2019. "Therapeutic Targeting of Cancer Stem Cells in Human Glioblastoma by Manipulating the Renin-Angiotensin System" Cells 8, no. 11: 1364. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8111364