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Review

The Brain Entangled: The Contribution of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps to the Diseases of the Central Nervous System

by
Aneta Manda-Handzlik
1,2,* and
Urszula Demkow
1
1
Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
2
Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cells 2019, 8(12), 1477; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8121477
Submission received: 30 October 2019 / Revised: 17 November 2019 / Accepted: 18 November 2019 / Published: 21 November 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Mechanisms and Role in Health and Disease)
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Abstract

Under normal conditions, neutrophils are restricted from trafficking into the brain parenchyma and cerebrospinal fluid by the presence of the brain–blood barrier (BBB). Yet, infiltration of the central nervous system (CNS) by neutrophils is a well-known phenomenon in the course of different pathological conditions, e.g., infection, trauma or neurodegeneration. Different studies have shown that neutrophil products, i.e., free oxygen radicals and proteolytic enzymes, play an important role in the pathogenesis of BBB damage. It was recently observed that accumulating granulocytes may release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which damage the BBB and directly injure surrounding neurons. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of NETs in various pathological conditions affecting the CNS.
Keywords: neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs); Alzheimer’s disease; multiple sclerosis; ischemic stroke; meningitis; central nervous system; brain; neurons; brain–blood barrier; neutrophils neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs); Alzheimer’s disease; multiple sclerosis; ischemic stroke; meningitis; central nervous system; brain; neurons; brain–blood barrier; neutrophils

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MDPI and ACS Style

Manda-Handzlik, A.; Demkow, U. The Brain Entangled: The Contribution of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps to the Diseases of the Central Nervous System. Cells 2019, 8, 1477. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8121477

AMA Style

Manda-Handzlik A, Demkow U. The Brain Entangled: The Contribution of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps to the Diseases of the Central Nervous System. Cells. 2019; 8(12):1477. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8121477

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manda-Handzlik, Aneta, and Urszula Demkow. 2019. "The Brain Entangled: The Contribution of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps to the Diseases of the Central Nervous System" Cells 8, no. 12: 1477. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8121477

APA Style

Manda-Handzlik, A., & Demkow, U. (2019). The Brain Entangled: The Contribution of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps to the Diseases of the Central Nervous System. Cells, 8(12), 1477. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8121477

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