Adjuvant Epigenetic Therapy of Decitabine and Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid Exerts Anti-Neoplastic Effects in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Drugs
2.2. Cell Lines and Culture Conditions
2.3. In vitro Proliferation Assays
2.4. Cell Cycle Analysis
2.5. Apoptosis Assay
2.6. Protein Extraction and Quantification
2.7. Western Blotting
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. SAHA and DAC Reduce the Viability of KG-1 and U937 Cells
3.2. SAHA Induces Cell Cycle Arrest in the S/G2 Phase of KG-1 and U937 Cells
3.3. DAC Induces Cell Cycle Arrest in KG-1 and U937 Cells
3.4. SAHA and DAC Induce Apoptosis of KG-1 and U937 Cells
3.5. Simultaneous Combination of SAHA and DAC Resulted in an Additive Cytotoxic Effect on KG-1 and U937 Cell Lines
3.6. Sequential Combination of SAHA and DAC Enhances Growth Inhibition of U937 Cell Line
3.7. The Sequential Addition of SAHA to DAC-Primed U937 Cells Expands the Apoptotic Population
3.8. Sequential Treatment with DAC and SAHA Diminished the Number of Replicating Cells and Escalated the Percentage of Dead U937 Cells
3.9. Sequential Combination of SAHA and DAC Upregulates Protein Expression of Bax, Cytochrome c1, and p21 and Increases the Cleavage of Procaspases 8, 9, and 3 in the U937 Cell Line
3.10. Sequential Combination of SAHA and DAC Upregulates Protein Expression of p-GSK3 in the U937 Cell Line
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Abou Najem, S.; Khawaja, G.; Hodroj, M.H.; Babikian, P.; Rizk, S. Adjuvant Epigenetic Therapy of Decitabine and Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid Exerts Anti-Neoplastic Effects in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Cells 2019, 8, 1480. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8121480
Abou Najem S, Khawaja G, Hodroj MH, Babikian P, Rizk S. Adjuvant Epigenetic Therapy of Decitabine and Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid Exerts Anti-Neoplastic Effects in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Cells. 2019; 8(12):1480. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8121480
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbou Najem, Sonia, Ghada Khawaja, Mohammad Hassan Hodroj, Patil Babikian, and Sandra Rizk. 2019. "Adjuvant Epigenetic Therapy of Decitabine and Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid Exerts Anti-Neoplastic Effects in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells" Cells 8, no. 12: 1480. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8121480
APA StyleAbou Najem, S., Khawaja, G., Hodroj, M. H., Babikian, P., & Rizk, S. (2019). Adjuvant Epigenetic Therapy of Decitabine and Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid Exerts Anti-Neoplastic Effects in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Cells, 8(12), 1480. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8121480