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Review

Hypoxia and Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in Kidney Injury and Repair

by
Shaoqun Shu
1,
Ying Wang
1,
Meiling Zheng
1,2,
Zhiwen Liu
1,
Juan Cai
1,
Chengyuan Tang
1 and
Zheng Dong
1,3,*
1
Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha 410011, China
2
The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
3
Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cells 2019, 8(3), 207; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8030207
Submission received: 27 January 2019 / Revised: 21 February 2019 / Accepted: 25 February 2019 / Published: 28 February 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gene Regulation by HIFs during Hypoxia)
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Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major kidney disease characterized by an abrupt loss of renal function. Accumulating evidence indicates that incomplete or maladaptive repair after AKI can result in kidney fibrosis and the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hypoxia, a condition of insufficient supply of oxygen to cells and tissues, occurs in both acute and chronic kidney diseases under a variety of clinical and experimental conditions. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the “master” transcription factors responsible for gene expression in hypoxia. Recent researches demonstrate that HIFs play an important role in kidney injury and repair by regulating HIF target genes, including microRNAs. However, there are controversies regarding the pathological roles of HIFs in kidney injury and repair. In this review, we describe the regulation, expression, and functions of HIFs, and their target genes and related functions. We also discuss the involvement of HIFs in AKI and kidney repair, presenting HIFs as effective therapeutic targets.
Keywords: hypoxia; HIF; kidney injury; kidney repair; prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein (PHD) hypoxia; HIF; kidney injury; kidney repair; prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein (PHD)

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MDPI and ACS Style

Shu, S.; Wang, Y.; Zheng, M.; Liu, Z.; Cai, J.; Tang, C.; Dong, Z. Hypoxia and Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in Kidney Injury and Repair. Cells 2019, 8, 207. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8030207

AMA Style

Shu S, Wang Y, Zheng M, Liu Z, Cai J, Tang C, Dong Z. Hypoxia and Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in Kidney Injury and Repair. Cells. 2019; 8(3):207. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8030207

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shu, Shaoqun, Ying Wang, Meiling Zheng, Zhiwen Liu, Juan Cai, Chengyuan Tang, and Zheng Dong. 2019. "Hypoxia and Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in Kidney Injury and Repair" Cells 8, no. 3: 207. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8030207

APA Style

Shu, S., Wang, Y., Zheng, M., Liu, Z., Cai, J., Tang, C., & Dong, Z. (2019). Hypoxia and Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in Kidney Injury and Repair. Cells, 8(3), 207. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8030207

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