FAIM: An Antagonist of Fas-Killing and Beyond
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Discovery of FAIM
3. Structural Study of FAIM
4. Physiological Functions of FAIM
4.1. FAIM’s Role in Fas-Mediated Apoptosis of B Cells, Thymocytes and Hepatocytes
4.2. FAIM’s Role in TCR-Mediated Apoptosis of Thymocytes
4.3. FAIM’s Dual Functions in the Nervous System
4.4. FAIM’s Involvement in Myocardial Infarction
4.5. FAIM’s Role in Insulin Signalling and Energy Homeostasis
5. The Involvement of FAIM in Diseases
5.1. Multiple Myeloma
5.2. Myeloproliferative Diseases
5.3. Other Solid Tumors
5.4. Obesity and Hepatosteatosis
5.5. Alzheimer’s Disease
5.6. Intellectual Disability
6. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Conditions | Tissue/Cell | FAIM Expression and/or Effects | FAIM’s Roles and Mechanisms | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Multiple myeloma (MM) | IRF4-expressing multiple myeloma cell lines | FAIM was upregulated in IRF4-expressing MM cells. | IRF4-FAIM plays roles in MM progression. | [34] |
MM patients and MM cell lines | FAIM expression correlates with poorer survival outcomes of newly diagnosed MM patients treated with stem cell transplantation or relapsed MM patients treated in clinical trials with Bortezomib. | FAIM’s diagnostic and prognostic value in MM patients. | [35] | |
| FAIM-IRF4-Akt forward feedback loop for MM development. | |||
Myeloproliferative diseases (MPD) | CD34 cells and leukocytes from MPD patients | FAIM is elevated in CD34 cells obtained from MPD patients. | FAIM may contribute to MPD pathogenesis. | [43] |
Prostate cancer | Prostate cancer patients and PC3 cell line | FAIM is one of miR-133b immediate targets. | FAIM may contribute to prostate tumorigenesis and tissue homeostasis. | [45] |
Esophageal cancers | Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) cells | Inhibition of histone deacetylases downregulates FAIM expression. | FAIM is one of various genes regulated by inhibition of histone deacetylases in esophageal cancer cells. | [46] |
Obesity and hepatosteatosis | Human and mouse | FAIM defects lead to non-hyperphagic obesity accompanied by hepatosteatosis, adipocyte hypertrophy, dyslipidaemia, hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia
| FAIM mediates insulin signaling and plays an essential role in energy homoeostasis.
| [27] |
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) | Human and mouse |
| FAIM is associated with the progression of AD. | [48] |
Intellectual disability | Intellectual disability patients | FAIM is down-regulated in intellectually disabled patients. | Unknown | [51] |
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Huo, J.; Xu, S.; Lam, K.-P. FAIM: An Antagonist of Fas-Killing and Beyond. Cells 2019, 8, 541. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8060541
Huo J, Xu S, Lam K-P. FAIM: An Antagonist of Fas-Killing and Beyond. Cells. 2019; 8(6):541. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8060541
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuo, Jianxin, Shengli Xu, and Kong-Peng Lam. 2019. "FAIM: An Antagonist of Fas-Killing and Beyond" Cells 8, no. 6: 541. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8060541