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Review

DNA Methylation Changes in Human Papillomavirus-Driven Head and Neck Cancers

by
Chameera Ekanayake Weeramange
1,2,3,
Kai Dun Tang
1,2,
Sarju Vasani
4,5,
Julian Langton-Lockton
6,
Liz Kenny
5,7,8 and
Chamindie Punyadeera
1,2,*
1
Saliva & Liquid Biopsy Translational Research Team, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Queensland 4059, Australia
2
Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Queensland 4102, Australia
3
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
4
Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Queensland 4029, Australia
5
School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4006, Australia
6
Metro-North Sexual Health and HIV Service, Queensland 4000, Australia
7
Department of Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Queensland 4029, Australia
8
Central Integrated Regional Cancer Service, Queensland Health, Queensland 4001, Australia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cells 2020, 9(6), 1359; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9061359
Submission received: 8 May 2020 / Revised: 25 May 2020 / Accepted: 28 May 2020 / Published: 31 May 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue DNA Methylation and Its Application in Cancer Therapy)
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Abstract

Disruption of DNA methylation patterns is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Similar to other cancer types, human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven head and neck cancer (HNC) also reveals alterations in its methylation profile. The intrinsic ability of HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7 to interfere with DNA methyltransferase activity contributes to these methylation changes. There are many genes that have been reported to be differentially methylated in HPV-driven HNC. Some of these genes are involved in major cellular pathways, indicating that DNA methylation, at least in certain instances, may contribute to the development and progression of HPV-driven HNC. Furthermore, the HPV genome itself becomes a target of the cellular DNA methylation machinery. Some of these methylation changes appearing in the viral long control region (LCR) may contribute to uncontrolled oncoprotein expression, leading to carcinogenesis. Consistent with these observations, demethylation therapy appears to have significant effects on HPV-driven HNC. This review article comprehensively summarizes DNA methylation changes and their diagnostic and therapeutic indications in HPV-driven HNC.
Keywords: head and neck cancer; human papillomavirus; DNA methylation head and neck cancer; human papillomavirus; DNA methylation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ekanayake Weeramange, C.; Tang, K.D.; Vasani, S.; Langton-Lockton, J.; Kenny, L.; Punyadeera, C. DNA Methylation Changes in Human Papillomavirus-Driven Head and Neck Cancers. Cells 2020, 9, 1359. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9061359

AMA Style

Ekanayake Weeramange C, Tang KD, Vasani S, Langton-Lockton J, Kenny L, Punyadeera C. DNA Methylation Changes in Human Papillomavirus-Driven Head and Neck Cancers. Cells. 2020; 9(6):1359. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9061359

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ekanayake Weeramange, Chameera, Kai Dun Tang, Sarju Vasani, Julian Langton-Lockton, Liz Kenny, and Chamindie Punyadeera. 2020. "DNA Methylation Changes in Human Papillomavirus-Driven Head and Neck Cancers" Cells 9, no. 6: 1359. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9061359

APA Style

Ekanayake Weeramange, C., Tang, K. D., Vasani, S., Langton-Lockton, J., Kenny, L., & Punyadeera, C. (2020). DNA Methylation Changes in Human Papillomavirus-Driven Head and Neck Cancers. Cells, 9(6), 1359. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9061359

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