Silence of Hippo Pathway Associates with Pro-Tumoral Immunosuppression: Potential Therapeutic Target of Glioblastomas
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. General Analytic Methods
2.2. Generation of a Core SOH Signature and Validation in GBM Datasets
2.3. Genomic Analysis of TCGA Cohort Data
2.4. Proteomics of TCGA Cohort Data
2.5. Comparison of mRNA Expression Levels and Pathway Analysis
2.6. Immunohistochemistry on GBM Tissue
2.7. Immune Signature Score (ISS) and Leukocyte Subset Analysis
2.8. Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β) Signature
2.9. Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Signature
3. Results
3.1. Clinical Significance of Inactivation of the Hippo Pathway in GBM
3.2. Genomic and Proteomic Characteristics Associated with the SOH Signature
3.3. Molecular Characteristics Associated with the SOH Signature
3.4. Immunologic Features Associated with Activation of YAP1/TAZ in GBM
3.5. TGF-β Signature and Inactivation of the Hippo Pathway
3.6. Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Inactivation of the Hippo Pathway
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Kim, E.H.; Sohn, B.H.; Eun, Y.-G.; Lee, D.J.; Yim, S.Y.; Kang, S.-G.; Lee, J.-S. Silence of Hippo Pathway Associates with Pro-Tumoral Immunosuppression: Potential Therapeutic Target of Glioblastomas. Cells 2020, 9, 1761. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9081761
Kim EH, Sohn BH, Eun Y-G, Lee DJ, Yim SY, Kang S-G, Lee J-S. Silence of Hippo Pathway Associates with Pro-Tumoral Immunosuppression: Potential Therapeutic Target of Glioblastomas. Cells. 2020; 9(8):1761. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9081761
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Eui Hyun, Bo Hwa Sohn, Young-Gyu Eun, Dong Jin Lee, Sun Young Yim, Seok-Gu Kang, and Ju-Seog Lee. 2020. "Silence of Hippo Pathway Associates with Pro-Tumoral Immunosuppression: Potential Therapeutic Target of Glioblastomas" Cells 9, no. 8: 1761. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9081761