Rebuilding Tendons: A Concise Review on the Potential of Dermal Fibroblasts
Abstract
:1. Introduction: Tendon Injuries and Repair Strategies
2. Review Scope and Literature Search Method
3. Comparison of Tissue Structure and Composition of Tendon and Dermis
4. Molecular Similarities between DFs and TCs: Analysis Based on Open-Source Databank
5. Differentiation Potential of DFs
5.1. Differentiation Potential of DFs Towards Other Cell Types
5.2. Tenogenic Potential of DFs
6. In Vitro Studies
6.1. Molecular Factors
6.2. Mechanical Factors
6.3. Cultivation Environment
7. In Vivo Studies
8. Clinical Applications of Autologous DFs in Tendon Repair
9. Conclusions and Outlook
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Title/abstract | |
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Species | Material of Scaffold | Stimulation Factors | Results | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mice | - | Static mechanical strain |
| [37] |
Rabbit | Acellularized tendon | - |
| [57] |
Human | PGA | Static mechanical strain |
| [58] |
Rat | PGA | - |
| [59] |
Rat | dFM | - |
| [60] |
Human | - | High density culture |
| [50] |
Human | Grooved silicone membrane | Morphology, exogenous TGF-β1 and Rock inhibitor |
| [61] |
Human | Native hydrogel | Cell density |
| [62] |
Human | PCL/gelatin nanofiber | Pattern of nanofibers |
| [63] |
Pig | Collagen I | Static and dynamic mechanical strain |
| [64] |
Mice | - | TNMD overexpression |
| [56] |
Rabbit | PCL/Silk Fibroin Nanofiber | Aligned vs. not-aligned nanofibers |
| [65] |
Human | BIO-3D printed tissue ring | Static mechanical strain |
| [66] |
Human | - | MMC and mechanical stimulation |
| [67] |
Model | Cell Type | Scaffold Type | Implants Classification | Results | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rabbit Achilles tendon defect | Rabbit DFs | HA-ECM | Scaffold with DFs Scaffold alone Just suture |
| [101] |
Pig flexor tendon defect | Pig DFs | PGA | Scaffold with DFs Scaffold with TCs Scaffold alone |
| [102] |
Rat patellar tendon injury | TSCs | dFM | TSCs with dFM TSCs alone |
| [60] |
Rat subcutaneous pocket | DFs, TCs and MDCs | PGA | Scaffold with DFs Scaffold with TCs Scaffold with MDCs |
| [103] |
Rat subcutaneous pocket | DFs, ADSCs | Tendon tissue derived hydrogel | Scaffold with DFs Scaffold with ADSCs |
| [62] |
Rabbit Achilles tendon defect | DFs | PGA and PLA composed scaffold | Scaffold with autologous DFs Scaffold with allogeneic DFs Scaffold alone |
| [94] |
Rabbit Achilles tendon partial defect | Rabbit DFs | PLC/Silk Fibroin nanofiber scaffolds | Acellular RPSF Acellular APSF Cells/RPSF Cells/APSF |
| [65] |
Rabbit rotator cuff tear | DFs | - | DFs suspension with fibrin Fibrin only Saline only |
| [104] |
Clinical Diagnosis | Study Design | Interventions | Results | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Refractory lateral epicondylitis | Prospective clinical pilot study. | Autologous cells suspended in autologous plasma. |
| [106] |
Refractory patellar tendinopathy | Randomizedcontrol trial | Autologous cells suspended in autologous plasma. Autologous plasma alone. |
| [105] |
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Chu, J.; Lu, M.; Pfeifer, C.G.; Alt, V.; Docheva, D. Rebuilding Tendons: A Concise Review on the Potential of Dermal Fibroblasts. Cells 2020, 9, 2047. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9092047
Chu J, Lu M, Pfeifer CG, Alt V, Docheva D. Rebuilding Tendons: A Concise Review on the Potential of Dermal Fibroblasts. Cells. 2020; 9(9):2047. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9092047
Chicago/Turabian StyleChu, Jin, Ming Lu, Christian G. Pfeifer, Volker Alt, and Denitsa Docheva. 2020. "Rebuilding Tendons: A Concise Review on the Potential of Dermal Fibroblasts" Cells 9, no. 9: 2047. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9092047