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Article

Effects of Dicationic Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid Coatings on Oral Osseointegration of Titanium Implants: A Biocompatibility Study in Multiple Rat Demographics

by
Sutton E. Wheelis
1,
Claudia C. Biguetti
1,
Shruti Natarajan
2,3,
Bhuvana Lakkasetter Chandrashekar
1,
Alexandra Arteaga
1,
Jihad El Allami
1,
Gustavo P. Garlet
4 and
Danieli C. Rodrigues
1,*
1
Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
2
Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
3
Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
4
Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01000, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Genes 2022, 13(4), 642; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13040642
Submission received: 17 February 2022 / Revised: 20 March 2022 / Accepted: 30 March 2022 / Published: 2 April 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Craniofacial Bone and Dental Genetics, Metabolism, Aging, and Disorders)
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Abstract

Dicationic imidazolium-based ionic liquids with amino acid anions, such as IonL-phenylalanine (IonL-Phe), have been proposed as a multifunctional coating for titanium (Ti) dental implants. However, there has been no evaluation of the biocompatibility of these Ti coatings in the oral environment. This study aims to evaluate the effects of IonL-Phe on early healing and osseointegration of Ti in multiple rat demographics. IonL-Phe-coated and uncoated Ti screws were implanted into four demographic groups of rats to represent biological variations that could affect healing: young males (YMs) and females (YFs), ovariectomized (OVXFs) females, and old males (OMs). Samples underwent histopathological and histomorphometric analysis to evaluate healing at 7 and 30 days around IonL-coated and uncoated Ti. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was also conducted at the 2- and 7-day YM groups to evaluate molecular dynamics of healing while the IonL-Phe was present on the surface. IonL-coated and uncoated implants demonstrated similar histological signs of healing, while coated samples’ differential gene expression of immunological and bone markers was compared with uncoated implants at 2 and 7 days in YMs. While YMs presented suitable osseointegration for both uncoated and IonL-Phe-coated groups, decreased success rate in other demographics resulted from lack of supporting bone in YFs and poor bone quality in OVXFs and OMs. Overall, it was found that IonL-coated samples had increased bone-to-implant contact across all demographic groups. IonL-Phe coating led to successful osseointegration across all animal demographics and presented the potential to prevent failures in scenarios known to be challenged by bacteria.
Keywords: ionic liquids; titanium; osseointegration; multifunctional coatings; biocompatibility ionic liquids; titanium; osseointegration; multifunctional coatings; biocompatibility
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MDPI and ACS Style

Wheelis, S.E.; Biguetti, C.C.; Natarajan, S.; Chandrashekar, B.L.; Arteaga, A.; Allami, J.E.; Garlet, G.P.; Rodrigues, D.C. Effects of Dicationic Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid Coatings on Oral Osseointegration of Titanium Implants: A Biocompatibility Study in Multiple Rat Demographics. Genes 2022, 13, 642. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13040642

AMA Style

Wheelis SE, Biguetti CC, Natarajan S, Chandrashekar BL, Arteaga A, Allami JE, Garlet GP, Rodrigues DC. Effects of Dicationic Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid Coatings on Oral Osseointegration of Titanium Implants: A Biocompatibility Study in Multiple Rat Demographics. Genes. 2022; 13(4):642. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13040642

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wheelis, Sutton E., Claudia C. Biguetti, Shruti Natarajan, Bhuvana Lakkasetter Chandrashekar, Alexandra Arteaga, Jihad El Allami, Gustavo P. Garlet, and Danieli C. Rodrigues. 2022. "Effects of Dicationic Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid Coatings on Oral Osseointegration of Titanium Implants: A Biocompatibility Study in Multiple Rat Demographics" Genes 13, no. 4: 642. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13040642

APA Style

Wheelis, S. E., Biguetti, C. C., Natarajan, S., Chandrashekar, B. L., Arteaga, A., Allami, J. E., Garlet, G. P., & Rodrigues, D. C. (2022). Effects of Dicationic Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid Coatings on Oral Osseointegration of Titanium Implants: A Biocompatibility Study in Multiple Rat Demographics. Genes, 13(4), 642. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13040642

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