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Volume 14
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10.3390/genes14081606
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Article

Isolation and Genetic Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from a Patas Monkey (Erythrocebus patas) in China

by
Liulu Yang
1,
Hongjie Ren
1,
Niuping Zhu
1,
Shilin Xin
1,
Gaohui Mao
1,
Yiheng Ma
1,
Junbao Li
2,
Qunchao Liang
3 and
Yurong Yang
1,*
1
Veterinary Pathology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
2
Zhengzhou Zoo, Zhengzhou 450000, China
3
Henan Yinji Jiabao Amusement Park Management Co., Ltd., Xinmi 452300, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Genes 2023, 14(8), 1606; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14081606
Submission received: 30 June 2023 / Revised: 7 August 2023 / Accepted: 8 August 2023 / Published: 10 August 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic and Immunological Studies of Parasite–Host Interactions)
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Abstract

Many cases of Toxoplasma gondii infection have been reported worldwide in non-human primates (NHPs), especially in captive New World monkeys. However, few studies on toxoplasmosis in Old World monkeys have been conducted. In this study, serological and molecular biological analyses were carried out to look for T. gondii antibodies and T. gondii infection in 13 NHPs from China. T. gondii infection was confirmed in 8 NHP cases. T. gondii antibodies were detected in 1/5 New World monkeys and in 4/7 Old World monkeys. T. gondii DNA was detected in 3/5 New World monkeys and 5/7 Old World monkeys. The one ring-tailed lemur was negative for both antibodies and DNA of T. gondii. The most common clinical manifestations of T. gondii infection were malaise, poor appetite, emaciation, and foamy nasal discharge. The most common histopathological findings were interstitial pneumonia, necrotic hepatitis, necrotizing myocarditis, lymphadenitis, and necrotic splenitis. One viable T. gondii strain was successfully isolated from the myocardium of a patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas) by bioassay in mice. T. gondii tachyzoites were obtained from cell cultures and were designated as TgMonkeyCHn2. The genotype of this strain belongs to ToxoDB genotype #9, and the allele of ROP18/ROP5 gene was 3/6. TgMonkeyCHn2 tachyzoites were avirulent in Swiss mice. To our knowledge, this is the first report of fatal toxoplasmosis in a patas monkey. T. gondii infection in patas monkeys may indicate environmental contamination by oocysts. The patas monkey is a new host record for T. gondii.
Keywords: toxoplasmosis; non-human primates; patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas); isolation; ToxoDB genotype #9 toxoplasmosis; non-human primates; patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas); isolation; ToxoDB genotype #9

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yang, L.; Ren, H.; Zhu, N.; Xin, S.; Mao, G.; Ma, Y.; Li, J.; Liang, Q.; Yang, Y. Isolation and Genetic Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from a Patas Monkey (Erythrocebus patas) in China. Genes 2023, 14, 1606. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14081606

AMA Style

Yang L, Ren H, Zhu N, Xin S, Mao G, Ma Y, Li J, Liang Q, Yang Y. Isolation and Genetic Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from a Patas Monkey (Erythrocebus patas) in China. Genes. 2023; 14(8):1606. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14081606

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yang, Liulu, Hongjie Ren, Niuping Zhu, Shilin Xin, Gaohui Mao, Yiheng Ma, Junbao Li, Qunchao Liang, and Yurong Yang. 2023. "Isolation and Genetic Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from a Patas Monkey (Erythrocebus patas) in China" Genes 14, no. 8: 1606. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14081606

APA Style

Yang, L., Ren, H., Zhu, N., Xin, S., Mao, G., Ma, Y., Li, J., Liang, Q., & Yang, Y. (2023). Isolation and Genetic Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from a Patas Monkey (Erythrocebus patas) in China. Genes, 14(8), 1606. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14081606

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